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Author: search.filters.author.Pahomii, IrinaSubject: search.filters.subject.mortality

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    Dinamica mortalității premature în ultimele doua decenii: studiu comparativ Republica Moldova-Estonia
    (INCE, 2018) Pahomii, Irina
    Mortalitatea prematură are repercusiuni esențiale atât la nivel individual, cât și cu un impact sumar destul de important la nivel social, generând pierderi socioeconomice majore. Pentru analiza mortalității premature a fost utilizată rata standardizată a mortalității premature (RMPS) pentru grupul de vârstă 1-64 ani și indicatorul Ani Potențiali de Viață Pierduți (APVP) și Ani Potențiali de Viață Pierduți Standardizat (APVPS) pe cauze majore de deces. Analiza a fost realizată atât pe sexe cât și în profil comparativ – Republica Moldova-Estonia. Rezultatele cercetării demonstrează că RMPS pentru bărbați excede pe cea observată pentru femei de 2-3 ori, decalajul păstrându-se constant pe tot parcursul perioadei analizate, 2000-2016. În anul 2000, ponderea deceselor premature pentru femei a constituit aproximativ 30% pentru Republica Moldova și sub 20% pentru Estonia. Pentru bărbați, acestea au fost de 46.5% și 46.6% respectiv. În cazul bărbaților din Estonia, ponderea deceselor premature s-a redus de la aproximativ 50% la o treime din totalul deceselor. Pentru Republicii Moldova se înregistrează o stagnare și creștere lentă a ponderii deceselor premature în numărul total de decese. APVPS pentru bărbații din Estonia este caracterizat de un trend comun și ferm de reducere pentru toate cauzele de deces, pe când pentru Republica Moldova sunt urmărite fluctuații ale acestui indicator. La femei se conturează un trend de reducere a APVPS pentru toate cauzele de deces, însă aceasta este mult mai slabă comparativ cu situația observată în Estonia. Cele mai mari pierderi sunt provocate de APVPS prin tumori, bolile sistemului cardiovascular și bolile sistemului digestiv.
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    Contribuția bolilor cardiovasculare în dinamica speranței de viață la naștere
    (Foxtrot, 2016) Pahomii, Irina
    Cardiovascular disease are one of the most important causes of death in Republic of Moldova, in 2014, cardiovascular mortality represents 53% of all deaths for males and 64% of all deaths for females. Also, an important difference is that increasing of cardiovascular mortality for women is specific for advanced ages, while for men is highlighted groups working age. Decomposition analysis between Republic of Moldova and France show a serious gap between sexes. Decomposition analysis was constructed also for Republic Moldova, for 1990-1995 and 1995-2012 years, first is characterized by reducing of life expectancy at birth and second by growing of that. In first case cardiovascular mortality, determine approximatively 70% in case of female and 50% in case of male, from differences in life expectancy at birth. In second case we observed a growing of life expectancy at birth, that was largely driven by reducing of cardiovascular mortality for female, in case of male the reducing was smaller and the contribution to the increase of life expectancy at birth was just by 0,43 years.
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    Covid-19 associated mortality – from the first case to the latest available data
    (Foxtrot, 2021) Pahomii, Irina
    Acest studiu are drept scop prezentarea unei imagini de ansamblu asupra mortalitații asociate cu Covid-19 la nivel național și subnațional. Distribuția pe sexe a deceselor cauzate de Covid-19 este in principiu aceeași la nivel național și subnațional. Astfel, aproximativ jumatate din toate decesele pozitive cauzate de Covid-19 revin femeilor, iar jumatate barbaților. Rata de fatalitate la nivel national este de 22,8 decese la 1.000 de cazuri de infecție. Analiza abordeaza și subiectul mortalitații premature. Astfel, 52,8% din totalul deceselor in randul femeilor s-au concentrat pana la varsta de 70 de ani, in timp ce in randul barbaților, ponderea deceselor premature cauzate de Covid-19 este de 56%. Analiza subnaționala releva unele discrepanțe pe acest subiect. Chișinaul a inregistrat cel mai redus nivel de mortalitate prematura din totalul mortalitații asociate cu Covid-19 observate. Analiza sistematica și continua a mortalitații asociate cu Covid-19 ramane cruciala in dezvoltarea politicilor și masurilor eficiente de protecție.
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    Aspecte teritoriale ale mortalității în Republica Moldova
    (INCE, 2015) Pahomii, Irina
    Egalitatea este una din prioritățile actuale pentru majoritatea țărilor, pentru că dezvoltarea durabilă a unei țări poate fi posibilă doar în condițiile asigurării unei echități în toate domeniile și pentru toți. Dezvoltarea demografică a unei țări este la fel de importantă ca oricare alt domeniu, iar analiza mortalității ne poate oferi un tablou generalizator a acesteia. Scopul acestui articol este realizarea unei analize descriptive a mortalității la nivel teritorial prin compararea ratelor standardizate a mortalității pentru raioanelor republicii. Pentru a putea realiza acest scop am aplicat metodele de standardizare indirectă, iar pentru prezentarea acestora am utilizat programul QGIS. În rezultat am reușit atât să identificăm situația reală cât și să construim o ierarhizare veridică a raioanelor republicii.
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    Regional aspects of COVID-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova
    (INCE, 2020) Pahomii, Irina
    The study analyses regional aspects of Covid-19 mortality. Are studied age distribution, case fatality rate, share of premature mortality. The deaths are focused up to the age of 64-69 years. The highest case fatality rate is noted for the North - the lowest for Chisinau. The case fatality rate for men is nearly 2 times higher than for women. The highest share of premature deaths is noted in the Centre and South.
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    The contribution of avoidable mortality to the life expectancy change in the Republic of Moldova
    (Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2019) Stirba, Vitalie; Pahomii, Irina
    During the last decades, life expectancy in the Republic of Moldova has shown slow and fluctuating growth, which has been largely due to high mortality caused by degenerative diseases (cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms) in adult and elderly population. A potential reduction in mortality can be achieved by reducing preventable deaths, which accentuates the necessity for studying this phenomenon in the current conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of the paper is to analyze avoidable mortality in the Republic of Moldova and its contribution to the life expectancy at birth change during the years 2000–2014. Given the contested quality of the official denominator, the alternative data on population exposure is used for more accurate calculations. In order to compare the life expectancy at birth components, the method of decomposition of mortality is used. In the period 2000–2014 life expectancy increased by 1.21 years for males and 2.45 years for females. It is substantiated that in 2000–2014 avoidable mortality decreased. In 2014 the share of deaths that could be avoided of the total registered number of deaths was 56.6 % for males and 34.1 % for females compared to 61.5 % for males and 43.9 % for females in 2000. It is revealed that reductions in avoidable mortality determine the substantial part of gains in life expectancy at birth – 1.17 years for males and 1.99 years for females. The highest share of avoidable deaths in total observed deaths is recorded at age 0 and above 50. In the 2000–2014 period, numerical reduction of the avoidable deaths led to a structural change in the causes of death in total mortality. The most considerable part of preventable and amenable deaths is caused by circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, respiratory system diseases and external causes of death. The excess of deaths among the young population is the most disadvantageous factor in the life expectancy changes and highlights a solid number of potential years of life lost. An excess of deaths among the middle of the young population, the most unpleasant factor in the growth of life’s triviality, and the reduction in the number of potential life losses. Further studies will be focused on the identification of the most vulnerable age groups exposed to the risk and calculations of the potential resources for increasing the life expectancy.
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    Youth health and health-risk behaviour
    (INCE, 2017) Gagauz, Olga; Pahomii, Irina
    This article presents the results of the research on the main health indicators of young people from the Republic of Moldova for 2006-2016 years. Mortality rates, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) prevalence, youth smoking, alcohol and drug use are selected as main indicators of youth health. The study is based on the National Bureau of Statistics data and on the secondary analysis of different Surveys. The indicators of youth health in the Republic of Moldova have been gradually improved over the past 20 years, however, their performance is lower compared to the developed countries. There are significant differences by gender and area of residence. The young people from the rural area are more exposed to the risk factors that influence youth health. Avoidable causes of death, such as accidents, injuries, falls, intoxications and suicides, are the main causes of youth mortality. The risk behaviour specific for young males determined almost 2/3 of the male deaths, and less than half of the female deaths. Despite the decrease in the incidence of HIV/AIDS among youth the gender gap persists. There is an unfavourable situation with regard to STDs, especially syphilis and gonorrhoea. Welfare as a factor of health-risk behaviour has a contradictory significance. Thus, the highest proportion of smokers among men is registered in the lowest quintile, but among women in the lowest and highest quintile. Share of adolescents, current consumers of alcohol, is higher for those from families with a higher level of welfare, but also for those from poor families.
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    Life expectancy dynamics in post-soviet countries from european region: convergences and divergences
    ( INCE, 2017) Pahomii, Irina; Gagauz, Olga; Avram, Cristina
    This article presents the results of the comparative study on the mortality and life expectancy at birth dynamics in Moldova and six other post-Soviet countries in the European region – Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. The aim of the research is to highlight the convergences and divergences, as well as the causes which lead Moldova to lag behind in this field. The study is based on Human Mortality Database (HMD) and Human Causes-of-Death Database (HCD) data. For Moldova, mortality tables for the resident population were used (with the exclusion of migrants who have been absent from the country for more than 12 months). Despite the similar trends in the dynamics of life expectancy at birth in the selected countries since the mid-1990s, there is an increasing divergence in this respect. The Baltic countries, especially Estonia, have succeeded in achieving significant progress in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy at birth, while Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova remain outliers. Decomposition of mortality by causes of death demonstrates that the reduction in mortality by cardiovascular diseases has had a major impact on the development of the gap in life expectancy at birth observed between Estonia and Moldova.