RSES - NIER

Institutional Repository of National Institute for Economic Research

Welcome to the platform of the open repository in the field of economic and social research of the National Institute of Economic Research from Republic of Moldova.

The repository is a digital archive and offers users open access to publications with full text for scientific, educational and methodological purposes. The materials placed in the collections are allowed to be used exclusively non-profit, with the compulsory indication of the author of the work and hyperlinks at this archive.

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    Subjective well-being in EU countries: exploring economic and social drivers
    (INCE, ASEM, 2025) Kompaneets, Maria; Golovataya, Ludmila
    The aim of this study is to analyze the role of economic factors in shaping subjective well-being across the countries of the European Union. The authors employed correlation analysis to examine the relationship between GDP per capita (adjusted for purchasing power parity) and the Happiness Index. The analysis was based on data from the World Happiness Report 2025 and GDP per capita (PPP) for the year 2024. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated, yielding a statistically significant result of r = 0.779. The findings indicate that GDP plays a substantial-though not exclusive-role in influencing individuals’ perceptions of happiness. The results support the hypothesis that economic factors are critical to subjective well-being only up to a certain threshold. Beyond this point, non-material dimensions-such as health, a sense of security, social connections, institutional trust, and other aspects of quality of life-become increasingly important. Thus, subjective well-being is a multifaceted construct that cannot be fully explained by economic indicators alone. Enhancing overall life satisfaction in society requires an integrated approach that takes into account both material and non-material factors.
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    State regulation of processes aimed at reducing income inequality in the Republic of Moldova
    (INCE, ASEM, 2025) Rojco, Anatolii
    The actuality of the article is determined by the fact that income inequality is one of the most serious problems in the Republic of Moldova, which requires state regulation of processes in this area. The purpose of the article is to develop a set of measures aimed at reducing income inequality among the population of the Republic of Moldova. This goal is achieved through methodological approaches that, on the one hand, involve increasing the incomes of low-income population groups and, on the other hand, redistributing high and very high incomes from wealthy groups. Research results. Measures have been developed to reduce income inequality among the population. These include: a) increasing the minimum wage by aligning it with EU standards. It is proposed to gradually increase the minimum wage to reach 50% of the average monthly wage in the national economy; b) increasing pension amounts by improving the pension system. In particular, it is recommended to modernize the indexation coefficient to reflect not only the depreciating effect of consumer price index growth but also the growth in average wages in the economy; c) improving the personal income taxation system. It is proposed to: i) increase the amount of personal tax exemption and introduce tax deductions for medical treatment and education; ii) replace the current flat tax system with a progressive taxation scale. The article was developed within the framework of Subprogram 030101 „Strengthening the resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability of the economy of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the accession process to the European Union”, institutional funding.
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    Understanding income differentiation: a socio-economic perspective on Moldova
    (INCE, ASEM, 2025) Garabajii, Iulia
    This study explores the multifaceted nature of income inequality in the Republic of Moldova, analyzing the structural and individual factors that influence the distribution of monetary and non-monetary income. The research highlights the growing concern over inequality as a driver of social instability and economic inefficiency. The primary objective is to identify and classify the determinants of income differentiation by grouping them into systemic and individual factors. These include economic, political, demographic, social, professional, and psychological influences. The methodology consists of an analytical review of theoretical frameworks and empirical data, structured according to established economic classifications. Key findings indicate that income inequality is shaped not only by productivity and property ownership, but also by institutional asymmetries, unequal access to education, and unequal bargaining power in labour markets. Furthermore, factors such as urban-rural residence, family structure, and informal economies exacerbate disparities. The study concludes that while certain drivers of inequality may be inherent to market dynamics, many are institutional and policydriven. Effective mitigation therefore requires targeted policy reforms, improved redistributive mechanisms and support for equal opportunities. This comprehensive approach is essential to ensuring inclusive development and social cohesion in Moldova. The article was developed within the framework of Subprogram 030101 „Strengthening the resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability of the economy of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the accession process to the European Union”, institutional funding.
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    Inequality indicators: from Gini to Atkinson and Palma
    (INCE, ASEM, 2025) Heghea, Ecaterina
    This paper explores the theoretical and methodological framework of income inequality indicators, emphasizing their relevance for assessing socioeconomic disparities in the Republic of Moldova. As the country experiences deepening stratification due to market transitions, the need for robust statistical tools becomes increasingly important. The study aims to analyze and systematize the principal indicators used to quantify inequality, including the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, Atkinson index, Palma ratio, Theil index and income ratios by quintiles and deciles. These indicators reflect various dimensions of inequality and offer complementary perspectives for policy design. The methodological approach combines theoretical analysis with a critical evaluation of empirical applications, particularly in the Moldovan context. The paper discusses the benefits and limitations of each indicator, highlighting how methodological choices can influence the interpretation of inequality dynamics. Results demonstrate that reliance on a single metric may obscure important aspects like polarization and distributional asymmetries. By integrating complementary measures, such as decomposition techniques and sensitivity to income distribution tails, the study provides a more nuanced understanding of inequality. This work contributes to the refinement of inequality measurement systems and supports the development of evidence-based policies aimed at reducing income disparities and promoting inclusive socioeconomic development. The article was elaborated within the Project selected in competition "Stimulating excellence in scientific research 2025-2026" 25.80012.0807.37SE "The perfection of instruments for reducing income inequality and reducing poverty of the population in the process of European integration of the Republic of Moldova", institutional funding, ANCD.
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    Regional disparities of the NEET youth rate in Romania
    (INCE, ASEM, 2025) Balan, Mariana; Uzlau, Carmen
    The issue of young Romanians in the NEET category is a particularly sinuous one, with a vast range of nuances and a sufficiently consistent casuistry. In Romania, the interest for this category of population is even greater, because the share of NEET youth is the highest in the EU-27: 19.4% in 2024. Economic disparities in Romania’s development regions are also compatible with other dimensions of inequality, such as life expectancy, employment and unemployment rates, schooling, private and public material resources. All this leads to relatively large differences between regional NEET youth rates, across different age groups. The paper presents a brief analysis of the NEET youth group evolution at the level of the development regions of Romania. Regional disparities of NEET youth rates have been quantified by using statistical methods. The obtained results confirm the negative trends in terms of increasing regional disparities of this population segment in Romania and allow to highlight their determinants.