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Item Managementul proiectelor de cercetare: particularități și provocări( INCE, ASEM, 2024) Gagauz, OlgaItem Conturile naționale de transfer pentru Republica Moldova: profilul de vârstă al consumului și venitului din muncă(INCE, 2022) Gagauz, Olga; Prohnitchi, ValeriuThe NTA methodology is a modern system for estimating intergenerational balances within the System of National Accounts (SNA), which makes it possible to assess the contribution of individual age groups to the production and distribution of national income, as well as to explore the characteristics of income and consumption. NTA for Moldova, built for 2019, reflects the features of the socioeconomic context, the level of labor income, opportunities for savings, and the specifics of the consumption of the population. The big size of the economic life cycle deficit, defined as the difference between labor income and consumption, is determined by the low rate of employment and high costs of life in Moldova. The share of private transfers in LCD covering is much higher than that of public transfers. The private sector has a substantial role in intergenerational distribution, especially for the young generation, the older persons also being donors of private transfers. Education and health care are provided predominantly by the public sector. The public pension expenditure represented about one-third of the total volume of public transfers. People in the 30–48 age span produce the lifecycle surplus. They generate the largest share of labor income and contribute to both private and public transfers. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilisation policies”. The implementation of the NTS methodology in Moldova was carried out with the financial support of the Population Fund (UNFPA).Item Gender profile of income and consumption: evidence from the national transfer accounts of Moldova(INCE, 2022) Gagauz, Olga; Prohnitski, ValeriuThe use of the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) methodology has opened up the possibility of examining gender differences in income and consumption throughout the life cycle. This article presents the results of the study of the gender profile of income and consumption based on the NTA of Moldova for 2019. Moldova is characterized by a low level of employment, low incomes and a high involvement of the population in international labor migration. Women's labor incomes are lower than men's throughout the life cycle, and the life cycle surplus is entirely formed by men, who are net donors to cover the life cycle deficit of other age groups during the working period. More than two-thirds of the economic life cycle deficit is held by women, and the gender gap in economic dependence records 22.7%. For men, the level of labor income exceeds consumption during 27 years, while for women, consumption exceed income throughout the entire life cycle. The differences at gender age profile of public consumption per capita are observed, especially for women at ages related to childbearing, and for men at retirement ages. The public transfers to health care (consumption of services) are significantly high for women both per capita and aggregate value. Women`s contribution in the public funds formation in the most active working ages is significantly lower than that of men. The private current transfers cover a large part of the LCD, both men and women.Item Fertility transition from traditional to modern model in Moldova: exploration in base on the “Generation and gender survey”(INCE, 2022) Grigoras, Ecaterina; Gagauz, OlgaIn Moldova, like in other countries of Eastern Europe, after the 1990s,fertility transition fromthe traditional model to the modern one is occurring. Astable fertility decline was observed up to 2004, while the total fertility rate settled at 1.7-1.8 births per woman in the following years. Although the indicatoris higher compared to other states,the factors determining this level and the likelyfuture trends are essentialquestionsto be asked. We assumesome of the sociodemographic characteristics of women, the socioeconomic and cultural context impact the reproductive behavior and determine whether to keep the traditional model or switch to the modern one. The research isconducted to highlight the differences in women's reproductive behavior and the sociodemographic characteristics that impact the number of children born.The research is based on the" Generations and Gender Survey"conducted in Moldova in 2020. A detailed profile of women's reproductive behaviour was presented on the base of four identified clusters, which characterize the fertility transition from the traditional to the modern model. Findings reveal that the traditional model of reproductive behavior with a large family or, at most, with two childrenis prevalent. Medium and high education, late age at marriage and urban residence of women have a negativeeffect on the number of children ever born. The study quantifies the heterogeneity of reproductive behavior and has important implications forthe scientific perception of current trends and prospective fertility dynamicsin Moldova.Item Situația demografică a Republicii Moldova: starea actuală, factori determinanți și perspective pentru deceniile următoare(INCE, 2018) Gagauz, OlgaÎn acest articol este prezentată analiza situației demografice în Republica Moldova și a tendințelor pentru următoarele decenii. În baza datelor statisticii curente și recensămintelor populației se examinează schimbările principale în dinamica fertilității, mortalității și migrației, precum și impactul acestora asupra reproducerii populației. Se constată că în pofida unei tendințe ferme de reducere a fertilității, descendența finală a femeilor constituie în jur de doi copii. Se înregistrează difirențieri semnificative în profil teritorial, cel mai scăzut nivel al fertilității fiind înregistrat în mun.Chișinău. În domeniul mortalității se menține o situație nefavorabilă. Dacă la femei speranța de viață a depășit cea mai înaltă valoare a acestui indicator înregistrat în anul 1989 (72,3 ani), ajungând la 73,7 ani în anul 2014, la bărbați maximumul din anul 1989 (65,6 ani) încă nu a fost depășit (64,9 ani). Migrația internațională continuă să afecteze dinamica populației și structura pe vârste a acesteia. Conform prognozelor demografice, se estimează pierderi enorme ale efectivului populației Republicii Moldova în deceniile viitoare. În condițiile actuale urmează de a revizui abordarea cu privire la situația demografică prin accentuarea necesității de a ameliora indicatorii calitativi ai populației, mai ales, starea de sănătate și nivelul de educație.Item Securitatea demografică din perspectiva situației în unitățile administrativ-teritoriale(INCE, 2017) Gagauz, Olga; Pahomii, IrinaThe article presents the analysis of the dynamics of the Demographic Security Integrated Territorial Index (DSITI) for 2014-2016. The DSITI is used for monitoring the socio- economic and demographic situation on territorial level. During 2014-2016, the DSITI registered minor changes in most of the administrative- territorial units of the Republic of Moldova. Although there is an increase in the score for some districts, it is not significant and does not allow us to see an improvement tendency. In 2016, the IITSD fluctuated within the limits of 69.2-45.8 points, which means that the demographic security level was 69.2-45.8%. The Territorial Health Indicator and the Territorial Occupational Indicator are worsening, which undermines the demographic security of the country. DSITI shows a significant gap in the socio-economic and demographic development on territorial level, deepening of social territorial inequality, and emergence of deprived territories in which the inhabitants lack access to the necessary jobs and social infrastructure. A priority direction of the state policies is the elaboration of differentiated territorial measures aimed at alleviating the differences and facilitating a favorable living environment.Item Îmbătrânirea demografică din perspectiva indicatorilor noi de măsurare(Foxtrot, 2016) Gagauz, OlgaUsing new measures of aging - prospective age, remaining life expectancy and old-age dependency ratio - provides a more comprehensive look at this phenomenon. Compared to other countries in the region Moldova ranks lower position because in the last five decades there do not have been significant advances in population health, reduce mortality and increase life expectancy. In the years 1970-2014 indicator the prospective age fell, respectively, the old-age threshold based on the remaining life expectancy has not changed significantly. For women this indicator in 2014 was 64.8 years, being lower than in 1970 (65.9 years), and for men only 59 years (in 1970 was 62 years). With low life expectancy, Moldova aging faster, the prospective old-age dependency ratio is taller than the old-age dependency ratio (based in the chronological age): 23.9 years versus 17.6. Monitoring of the prospective indicators of demographic aging should be a priority in developing policies to mitigate the negative economic consequences of this phenomenon.Item Depopularea Republicii Moldova în contextul declinului populației din Europa Centrala și de Est(Foxtrot, 2021) Gagauz, OlgaIn recent decades, the population of the Republic of Moldova has been steadily declining, and this trend will persist in the coming decades. Compared to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the Republic of Moldova is most affected by depopulation. The present study expands evidence on depopulation in the Republic of Moldova based on the demographic projection developed by Centre for Demographic Research for 2019-2040. The results show that in the coming decades, the demographic decline would continue at a fast pace, increasing from 1.6% to 2.3% annually. The population number may decrease with 34.5% by 2040. The population decline caused by external migration will be 776.9 thousand. The population age structure will change significantly. The emigration of younth has an important negative effect and leads to a decrease in the number of working age youth. Meanwhile the return of 50+ year old migrants from abroad leads to an increase in the proportion of older people in the population as a whole. It was concluded that the effects of depopulation are much more unfavorable than those associated with population aging. Being determined by mass migration depopulation is associated with the loss of human capital, the negative impact on quality of life, social cohesion and socio-economic development.Item Youth attitudes towards gender roles within family(INCE, 2021) Gagauz, Olga; Chivaciuc, AnaYoung people are leaders of change in any society; therefore, studying their attitude towards gender roles in the family is of particular interest in predicting changes in their behaviour and identifying the policy measures needed to achieve sustainable progress in gender equality. The study aimed to research the attitude of youth towards gender roles in the family to determine the influence of the levels of education, gender and other characteristics on gender preferences in relations - traditional or egalitarian. It is based on data from a sociological survey of youth in Chisinau, conducted in 2019 on a representative sample (N = 506). The theoretical basis of the study was the multiple equilibrium theory (Esping-Andersen et al., 2013). The study results showed that the perception of young people regarding the essential qualities of men and women is still under the pressure of stereotypes and corresponds to the intermediate balance model characteristic of the transition from traditional roles based on the division of labour to modern egalitarian ones. This circumstance implies an equal division of responsibilities and family roles between women and men. On the one hand, youth tend to an egalitarian type of marriage and family relationships, and on the other, they adhere to traditional views of family roles. Although there are some differences in attitudes towards gender roles within the family between natives of Chisinau and young people from other localities, they are still not so pronounced. Youth with higher education are more likely to prefer an egalitarian distribution of gender roles than youth with a lower level of education. Girls more often than boys strive for gender equality in the family. However, in some aspects, such as the responsibility of men for the family's financial support, the importance of the material situation of a partner, they more often express traditional views.Item Speranţa de viaţă sănătoasă a populaţiei din Republica Moldova(INCE, 2015) Gagauz, Olga; Avram, CristinaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetării cu privire la speranța de viaţă sănătoasă a populaţiei din Republica Moldova. Calculele s-au efectuat după metoda lui Sullivan D. în baza datelor Cercetării Bugetelor Gospodăriilor Casnice (BNS), perioada 2006-2013. Speranţa de viață şi speranţa de viaţă sănătoasă sunt într-o creştere constantă, dar lentă, pentru ambele sexe şi toate grupele de vârstă. Proporția timpului petrecut în stare de sănătate foarte bună/bună şi satisfăcătoare, de asemenea, este în creştere, inclusiv sănătatea vârstnicilor atestă o ameliorare. Totuşi diferenţele dintre sexe persistă, astfel, femeile trăiesc mai mult comparativ cu bărbaţii, dar într-o stare de sănătate mai rea.