Economie socială
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://rses.ince.md/handle/123456789/30
Browse
77 results
Search Results
Item Aprecierea accesibilităţii la infrastructura educaţională de către populaţia Republicii Moldova(Artifex, 2023) Colesnicova, Tatiana; Ciobanu, MihailEducation is one of the pillars on which a society is founded. Educational infrastructure is one of the main factors influencing the quality of education. Access to educational infrastructure is a component of population welfare. In order to evaluate how the accessibility of the educational infrastructure is appreciated by the population of the Republic of Moldova, a sociological survey was developed. This article presents some of the results of this survey. The present work was elaborated and financed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of Science and Innovation Projects of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 State Program Project "Improvement of mechanisms for the application of innovative tools aimed at sustainable growth of the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova". Educația reprezintă unul dintre pilonii pe care se fundamentează o societate. Infrastructura educațională este unul dintre factorii principali care influențează calitatea educației. Accesul la infrastructura educațională este o componentă a bunăstării populației. Pentru a evalua cum este apreciată accesibilitatea la infrastructura educaţională de către populaţia Republicii Moldova a fost elaborat un sondaj sociologic. În acest articol sunt prezentate unele rezultate ale acestui sondaj. Prezenta lucrare a fost elaborată și finanțată în cadrul Proiectului Științific pentru perioada 2020-2023, înregistrat în Registrul de Stat al proiectelor din domeniul științei și inovării al Republicii Moldova cu codul 20.80009.0807.29 Proiect Program de Stat ”Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare a instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabilă a bunăstării populației Republicii Moldova”.Item Evaluating accessibility of IT summer camps for children in the Republic of Moldova(2024) Ciobanu, Mihail; Bejenaru, Iulia; Savcenco, SilviaThe rapid growth of information technologies over recent decades led to the emergence of IT-oriented summer camps for children. Initially rare, these camps have become more prevalent, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, to equip youth with essential IT skills early on. Covering a range of fields from programming and mobile app development to robotics, cybersecurity, digital citizenship, AI, and virtual realities, these camps aim to enhance digital literacy, foster innovation, and prepare children for future IT careers. As part of the IT industry, these camps reflect its evolving challenges and opportunities, promoting a culture of collaboration and learning. In response to global IT trends, Moldova has launched initiatives to boost IT education and digital literacy, especially among girls and young people. In 2015, GirlsGoIT was founded to encourage girls towards STEM careers, and the STEP IT Academy Moldova branch was opened, offering IT education for all ages. 2016 saw the launch of IUCOSOFT LLC, focusing on Java programming courses. The Tekwill ICT Innovation Center, established in 2017, represents a significant public-private partnership, which includes Tekwill Academy Kids for IT and digital arts education for youth. The same year also saw the start of RoboCode School, focusing on robotics, and Impact Academies & Camps Organization, which promotes programming, digital literacy, and soft skills through summer camps. These efforts aim to develop the IT potential of Moldova's younger generation. The question is how accessible are the IT summer camps to beneficiaries – the children.Item Tendinţe recente în evoluţia veniturilor disponibile şi a cheltuielilor de consum ale populaţiei din Republica Moldova(Artifex, 2022) Ciobanu, Mihail; Savcenco, Silvia; Timus, Andrei; Colesnicova, TatianaIn 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread around the world, causing a global pandemic. As a result of the restriction of human activities, including economic ones, in order to limit the spread of the virus, the disposable income of the population also suffered, implicitly also its consumption expenditures. In this article we try to identify how much the Republic of Moldova has been affected, highlighting the recent trends in the evolution of disposable income and consumer spending of the population of the Republic of Moldova. In general, it is observed that the year 2021 is characterized by a much more significant increase in the average monthly disposable income of the population compared to 2020 than in the period 2019-2020. The year 2021 is characterized by an increase compared to previous years of the gap between the average gross monthly nominal salary in the real sector compared to the budgetary sector. At the same time, the year 2021 shows a stronger increase in the average monthly consumption expenditures of the population compared to 2020 than between the latter year and 2019 and also at a higher rate than in the case of disposable income.Item Features of regional development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova(2023) Tomsa, AureliaSmall and medium-sized enterprises have a more prominent role in the economy, acting as a tool for regulating economic relations between sectors of the economy and the population. The relevance of the topic of the work lies in the fact that small business plays a significant role in the development of national economy of the country, as well as a single region. The subject of the study is the regional features of the development of small entrepreneurship in the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the structure of small and medium-sized enterprises by main types of activity showed that the largest share belongs to “wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.” The purpose of this research is to analyse the current state of small business development in Moldova, and develop recommendations for improving the development of regions and state support for small and medium-sized enterprises.Item Accessibility and quality of healthcare service in the Republic of Moldova(„Independenţa Economică”, 2023) Gutium, TatianaQuality is one of the main characteristics of the assessment of health services. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the World Health Organization calls for countries to increase access to quality essential health services, medicines, and vaccines for the entire population, regardless of income level. The degree of implementation of this task in the Republic of Moldova is the research objective of this paper. The purpose of research is to assess the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. The analysis showed that there is a relationship between the level of income of the population and the degree of satisfaction of the population with their health. In this study, the author performed a comparative analysis of access to health services in the Republic of Moldova by area. Likewise, the author analysed the interdependence between population income and access to quality health services. A financial resource is an important condition in ensuring access to certain medical services, so the benefit of treatment or medical observation depends on the level of population well-being.Item Climate Change Impacts, Risks and Vulnerabilities in the Republic of Moldova: Observed Trends and Future Projections(Bons Offices, 2023) Taranu, Lilia; Trescilo, Lidia; Bugaeva, Tatiana; Deveatii, Dumitru; Taranu, Ioan Sabin; Gutium, Tatiana; Bacean, Ion; Cosman, Sergiu; Beschieru, Eugeniu; Prosii, Erii; Robu, SergiuThis study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of observed and projected climate change, impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities to national economy, agriculture, energy, forestry, human health, and society, based on a wide range of observations and different GCMs simulations. It identifies the regions and Administrative-Territorial Units (ATUs) that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts, risks and vulnerabilities. The principal sources of uncertainty for the climate change indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments. The climate change indicators included in this report cover observed and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of aggregation: national, regional (Northern, Central and Southern AEZs), ATUs and districts. This study also compiles information from a wide variety of recent data and information sources. It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC 6 Assessment Report (AR6), and a substantial amount of new information that became available due to this report has also been included. th Because climate change is a broad-based and multi-sectoral issue, the Government, business and civil society will need to be engaged in the discussion on what the RoM does to address it. Our aim is to inform those involved in this discussion, and illustrate the linkages between climate change and potential impacts, risks and vulnerabilities including the possible economic damage, the most vulnerable regions and ATUs. The Government, local authorities, urban and rural population, business and civil society are now concerned and interested in the climate change issue. This effort is in response to the country’s policies towards the challenges of climate change, expressed in key strategies such as the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy until 2020 and the Low-Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030, and their corresponding Action Plans. The issue of climate change was expressed in these acts, mostly with a focus on sustainable development. Both policies are now under revision and updating process. The implementation of the updated NDC (2020) is foreseen through the Low Emission Development Programme until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation (LEDP 2030); its adoption is planned for the second half of 2023 year. The main scope of the LEDP 2030 is to mobilize and enable private and public actors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from economic activities, in line with the targets set out in the updated NDC. Regarding GHG emission reductions, the LEDP 2030 sets quantifiable targets for energy, industry, buildings transport, agriculture, LULUCF and waste sectors. With support from the UNDP, the Republic of Moldova has developed the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation (NCCAP) . The NAP process is key to achieve the adaptation objectives outlined in the previous National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy until 2020 (NCCAS 2020) approved in 2014, as well as to mainstream climate considerations into policies and budgeting processes. The proposed adaptation measures for six priority sectors (agriculture, health, forestry, energy, water, and transport) as well as the identification of the key indicators to monitor the process of adaptation to climate change are being discussed . The NCCAP 2030 is also planned to be approved by Government in the second half of 2023 year. 6 The research and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RoM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. The “climate for change” that currently exists in the RoM will provide the country with the motivation it needs to rise to the challenge. There are a range of adaptation options, such as disaster risk management, early warning systems, climate services and risk spreading and sharing that have broad applicability across sectors and provide greater benefits to other adaptation options when combined. For example, climate services that are inclusive of different users and providers can improve agricultural practices, inform better water use and efficiency, and enable resilient infrastructure planning. Enhancing knowledge on risks, impacts, and their consequences, and available adaptation options promotes societal and policy responses. Building capacity and removing some barriers to accessing finance is fundamental to accelerate adaptation, especially for vulnerable groups, regions and sectors. Climate resilient development is already challenging at current global warming levels. The prospects for climate resilient development will be further limited if global warming levels exceeds 1.5°C and not be possible in some regions and sub-regions if the global warming level exceeds 2°C. Any further delay in concerted anticipatory actions on adaptation and mitigation will miss a brief and rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all.Item Оценка доступа населения Республики Молдова к системам водоснабжения и канализации(2023) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article considers one of the acute social problems of the Republic of Moldova – the access of the country's population to high-quality drinking water and the sewerage system. It is shown that there is unequal access to these systems both in the territorial aspect and depending on the level of well-being of the population. This causes an objective need to expand the access of the population to the water supply and sewerage systems as a factor in raising the standard of living and improving the living conditions of the country's population.Item Основные принципы функционирования системы социальной защиты населения Республики Молдова(КГУ, 2022) Rojco, AnatoliiThe article provides a definition of the concept of "social protection" and, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, outlines the most important characteristics of the system of social protection of the population. The main principles of functioning of the system of social protection in the Republic of Moldova are determined: the principle of social insurance; the principle of social security, the principle of social assistance. Differences in the functioning of social insurance and social assistance systems are indicated.Item Recent evolutions of some indicators regarding social protection in the Republic of Moldova(2022) Colesnicova, Tatiana; Ciobanu, Mihail; Savcenco, SilviaThis paper presents a brief analysis of recent evolutions of some indicators regarding social protection in the Republic of Moldova. These indicators include the number of beneficiaries of various types of pensions and the sizes of the pensions themselves. In particular they include: old-age pension, disability pension, survivor's pension, pension for seniority, pension for some categories of civil aviation employees, pension of the participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident, pension of military servicemen and their family members, pension of some employees in the field of culture, early retirement pension and pension for other categories of pensioners.Item Perspectivele turismului medical pentru persoanele vârstnice din Republica Moldova(ОНТУ, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaCreșterea rapidă a îmbătrânirii demografice creează o nouă cerere pe piața turismului. O modalitate de îmbunătățire a stării de sănătate a persoanelor vârstnice ar fi turismul medical. În prezent, turismul pentru persoanele vârstnice este unul dintre cele mai relevante domenii ale turismului. În același timp, trebuie menționat că diverse țări scandinave și europene întreprind anumiți pași de a organiza recreerea pentru generația vârstnică.