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Item Traffic-related mortality in Moldova(INCE, 2020) Stirba, VitalieThis article analyses the mortality caused by road accidents in Moldova depending on the degree of involvement of pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, drivers and passengers of transport units, depending on age and sex. Results suggest that traffic-related mortality in Moldova has shown an increased incidence among the young and working-age population, where a significant difference between males and females is observed. Among the youth, traffic-related deaths register between 10-27% of the overall mortality in both sexes. The risk exposure of dying in a traffic accident decreases with age and is less significant in the retired ages. During the years 1998-2015, avoidance of traffic related deaths would have assured an increase in life expectancy between 0.40-0.56 years in males, and 0.09-0.23 years in females. The continuous increase in the number of transport units on public roads, as well as in the number of hours spent in traffic, influences the degree of exposure to the risk of death or injury as a result of road traffic accidents. Trauma resulting from road accidents increases the incidence of premature mortality and disability among the population, which is reflected by the decrease of healthy life expectancy. It is ascertained that the road accident mortality requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis given the multitude of factors influencing deaths and injuries related to a traffic accident among the population. Thus, in order to improve road safety and reduce mortality incidence among traffic participants, a range of actions has to be implemented by the liable actors, including through the international experience.Item The contribution of avoidable mortality to the life expectancy change in the Republic of Moldova(Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2019) Stirba, Vitalie; Pahomii, IrinaDuring the last decades, life expectancy in the Republic of Moldova has shown slow and fluctuating growth, which has been largely due to high mortality caused by degenerative diseases (cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms) in adult and elderly population. A potential reduction in mortality can be achieved by reducing preventable deaths, which accentuates the necessity for studying this phenomenon in the current conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of the paper is to analyze avoidable mortality in the Republic of Moldova and its contribution to the life expectancy at birth change during the years 2000–2014. Given the contested quality of the official denominator, the alternative data on population exposure is used for more accurate calculations. In order to compare the life expectancy at birth components, the method of decomposition of mortality is used. In the period 2000–2014 life expectancy increased by 1.21 years for males and 2.45 years for females. It is substantiated that in 2000–2014 avoidable mortality decreased. In 2014 the share of deaths that could be avoided of the total registered number of deaths was 56.6 % for males and 34.1 % for females compared to 61.5 % for males and 43.9 % for females in 2000. It is revealed that reductions in avoidable mortality determine the substantial part of gains in life expectancy at birth – 1.17 years for males and 1.99 years for females. The highest share of avoidable deaths in total observed deaths is recorded at age 0 and above 50. In the 2000–2014 period, numerical reduction of the avoidable deaths led to a structural change in the causes of death in total mortality. The most considerable part of preventable and amenable deaths is caused by circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, respiratory system diseases and external causes of death. The excess of deaths among the young population is the most disadvantageous factor in the life expectancy changes and highlights a solid number of potential years of life lost. An excess of deaths among the middle of the young population, the most unpleasant factor in the growth of life’s triviality, and the reduction in the number of potential life losses. Further studies will be focused on the identification of the most vulnerable age groups exposed to the risk and calculations of the potential resources for increasing the life expectancy.Item Demographic transition at the regional level in Czech lands(INCE, 2020) Avram, CristinaThis study presents the results of the development of demographic transition at the regional level in the Czech Lands. The analysis uses data from censuses and vital statistics. The period for analysis is 1869-1935, and the data was recalculated for the 2011 administrative division. In the study, we used the classical approach of analysis of the demographic processes. This article aims, first, to show the evolution of mortality and fertility levels at the regional level during the demographic transition, and second, to show that the demographic transition in the Czech lands follows the patterns of other European countries, but with some particularities at the regional level.Item Mortality from external causes of death in the Republic of Moldova(INCE, 2018) Pahomii, Irina; Stirba, VitalieThe Republic of Moldova is among the countries with a high mortality from external causes of death, for males being 2.6 times higher than in the Western European countries and 1.5 times higher for females. The purpose of the study is to analyse trends in mortality from external causes of death and to estimate its contribution to the change of life expectancy at birth between 2000-2014 years. The study is based on the Human Cause-of-Death Database and on the residence population data. The results of the research show that mortality due to external causes of death stagnates for both sexes in 2000-2014 years. A higher level of mortality due to external causes of death is specific for men. External causes of death account for 20% of total increase in life expectancy at birth for 2000-2014 period in case of males, for females the impact of external causes is just over 9%. Mortality due to external causes of death is characterized by a much younger structure compared to general mortality. In case of males over 80% of the total deaths for the 15-19 age group are due to external causes of death. The increase of the share of deaths due to external causes is observed in the 20-24 and 25-29 age group. For males, the main five subgroups of external causes are suicide and self-inflicted injuries, other accidents and late effects of accidents, transport accidents, other accidental breathing threats, accidental poisoning with other substances. For females, there are other causes: other accidents and late effects of accidents, other accidental breathing threats, suicide and self-inflicted injuries, transport accidents, assault. Males mortality for different subgroups from external causes of death is four times higher than that observed for females.Item Youth health and health-risk behaviour(INCE, 2017) Gagauz, Olga; Pahomii, IrinaThis article presents the results of the research on the main health indicators of young people from the Republic of Moldova for 2006-2016 years. Mortality rates, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) prevalence, youth smoking, alcohol and drug use are selected as main indicators of youth health. The study is based on the National Bureau of Statistics data and on the secondary analysis of different Surveys. The indicators of youth health in the Republic of Moldova have been gradually improved over the past 20 years, however, their performance is lower compared to the developed countries. There are significant differences by gender and area of residence. The young people from the rural area are more exposed to the risk factors that influence youth health. Avoidable causes of death, such as accidents, injuries, falls, intoxications and suicides, are the main causes of youth mortality. The risk behaviour specific for young males determined almost 2/3 of the male deaths, and less than half of the female deaths. Despite the decrease in the incidence of HIV/AIDS among youth the gender gap persists. There is an unfavourable situation with regard to STDs, especially syphilis and gonorrhoea. Welfare as a factor of health-risk behaviour has a contradictory significance. Thus, the highest proportion of smokers among men is registered in the lowest quintile, but among women in the lowest and highest quintile. Share of adolescents, current consumers of alcohol, is higher for those from families with a higher level of welfare, but also for those from poor families.Item Life expectancy dynamics in post-soviet countries from european region: convergences and divergences( INCE, 2017) Pahomii, Irina; Gagauz, Olga; Avram, CristinaThis article presents the results of the comparative study on the mortality and life expectancy at birth dynamics in Moldova and six other post-Soviet countries in the European region – Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. The aim of the research is to highlight the convergences and divergences, as well as the causes which lead Moldova to lag behind in this field. The study is based on Human Mortality Database (HMD) and Human Causes-of-Death Database (HCD) data. For Moldova, mortality tables for the resident population were used (with the exclusion of migrants who have been absent from the country for more than 12 months). Despite the similar trends in the dynamics of life expectancy at birth in the selected countries since the mid-1990s, there is an increasing divergence in this respect. The Baltic countries, especially Estonia, have succeeded in achieving significant progress in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy at birth, while Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova remain outliers. Decomposition of mortality by causes of death demonstrates that the reduction in mortality by cardiovascular diseases has had a major impact on the development of the gap in life expectancy at birth observed between Estonia and Moldova.Item Population ageing determinants in the Republic of Moldova and selected european countries(INCE, 2017) Hrusciov, ElenaThe article presents the results of the research on the determinant factors of demographic aging in the Republic of Moldova and some European countries (Italy, Germany, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Belarus). The results showed that in Italy, Germany and the Czech Republic the deepening of the aging process is associated with a significant increase of the life expectancy at advanced ages. Despite the fact that the decline in fertility contributes to the changing of the age structure and aging of population, migration flows reduce the negative effects of changes in the age structure and prevent the decline of the population. In Eastern European countries – Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, the reduced tempo of decreasing mortality and increasing life expectancy at the advanced ages does not contribute to the demographic aging from "top". The decline in fertility, the peculiarities of age structure and emigration are the main factors of demographic aging and population decline.Item Reconstruction of the continuity of cause-specific mortality trends for the Republic of Moldova(Complexul Editorial al INCE, 2015) Penina, OlgaThe paper presents the stages of reconstruction of the continuity of cause-of-death time series for Moldova based on a special method developed by French demographers Jacques Vallin and France Mesle (Institut national d’etudes demographiques, INED). The method eliminates the disruptions in death time series provoked by periodic changes in the classification and was successfully used in a number of industrialized countries. For the Republic of Moldova we reconstructed death time series by sex and age according to the short list of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of diseases and Causes of Death for the 1965-2012 period.