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Item Rentabilitatea la nivelul firmei comerciale(INCE, 2022) Nanu, Florentin GabrielRentabilitatea este expresia rezultatului obținut ca urmare a desfășurării activității economice. Ea este definită ca un raport între rezultatul obținut şi mijloacele consumate. Abordată din punct de vedere exclusiv al fluxurilor financiare, rentabilitatea reprezintă un surplus monetar, diferența dintre încasări totale şi cheltuieli totale. Această optică poate să pară insuficientă, întrucât, la prima vedere, nu ia în considerare realizările entității în expresie monetară, cum ar fi, de exemplu, productivitatea fizică, competența personalului, climatul social, raporturile cu mediul concurențial etc. De fapt, această abordare permite înțelegerea conversiei realizărilor favorabile în rezultatele monetare şi deci, în rentabilitate. În această accepțiune, rentabilitatea constituie expresia sintetică a rezultatelor de orice natură, fiind un indicator de referință în fundamentarea deciziilor şi evaluarea comportamentului entităților economice.Item The relationship between inflation, interest rate, unemployment and economic growth(INCE, 2022) Vintu, DenisThis paper presents a quarterly estimated structural macro econometric model for the Republic of Moldova, denoted macro econometric data model (MDM). This model has been developed with four uses in mind: the assessment of economic conditions in the Republic of Moldova, macroeconomic forecasting, policy analysis and deepening understanding of the functioning of market economy. Five key features of the model are highlighted. First, it treats the Republic of Moldova as a small and open economy. Second, it is a medium sized model which, while detailed enough for most purposes, is nonetheless sufficient small to be manageable in the context of forecasting and simulation exercises. Third, the model is designed to have a long run equilibrium consistent with classical economic theory, while its short run dynamics are demand driven. Fourth, the current version of the MDM is mostly backward-looking, i.e. expectations are reflected via the inclusion of lagged variables. Finally, the MDM uses a quarterly frequency data, allowing for a richer treatment of the dynamics, and is mostly estimated on the basis of historical data (rather than calibrated). The paper comprises elements of stochastic long run simulations. The relationship between: inflation, interest rate, unemployment and economic growth is significant. Această lucrare prezintă un model macroeconometric structural trimestrial estimat pentru Republica Moldova, denumit model de date macroeconometrice (MDM). Acest model a fost dezvoltat având în vedere patru utilizări: evaluarea condițiilor economice din Republica Moldova, prognozarea macroeconomică, analiza politicilor și aprofundarea înțelegerea funcționării economiei de piață. Sunt evidențiate cinci caracteristici cheie ale modelului. În primul rând, tratează Republica Moldova ca o economie mică și deschisă. În al doilea rând, este un model de dimensiuni medii care, deși este suficient de detaliat pentru majoritatea scopurilor, este totuși suficient de mic pentru a fi gestionabil în contextul exercițiilor de prognoză și simulare. În al treilea rând, modelul este conceput pentru a avea un echilibru pe termen lung, în concordanță cu teoria economică clasică, în timp ce dinamica sa pe termen scurt este determinată de cerere. În al patrulea rând, versiunea actuală a MDM este în mare parte orientată înapoi (backward-looking), adică așteptările se reflectă prin includerea variabilelor întârziate. În cele din urmă, MDM utilizează date trimestriale de frecvență, permițând un tratament mai bogat al dinamicii și este în mare parte estimată pe baza datelor istorice (mai degrabă decât calibrate). Lucrarea cuprinde elemente ale simulărilor stochastice pe termen lung. Relația dintre: inflație, rata dobânzii, șomaj și creșterea economică este semnificativă.Item Turismul medical și stomatologic în cazul creșterii economice și globalizării(INCE, 2022) Forna, Norina Consuela; Murariu, Alice; Forna Doriana Agop; Donea, Lorenza; Forna NorinTurismul medical este considerat la ora actuală un sector strategic pentru dezvoltarea economică a țărilor în curs de dezvoltare, deoarece aduce beneficii substanțiale la produsul intern brut, fiind segmentul din turism cu cea mai mare creștere la nivel mondial în ultmii 5 ani. Condițiile necesare dezvoltării turismului medical presupun îndeplinirea unui cumul de factori: mână de lucru calificată și de calitate, infrastructură cu o tehnologie de ultimă generație, existența unor servicii complementare turistice. România a devenit o destinație pe harta turismului medical prin următoarele facilități: număr mare de medici specialiști, clinici și cabinete, precum și recunoașterea internațională a sistemului educațional medical din Romania. În plus, ofertele de turism medical beneficiază de avantajul costurilor reduse pentru procedurile medicale și de produse turistice adiacente avantajoase. Medical tourism is currently considered a strategic sector for the economic development of developing countries, because it brings substantial benefits to the gross domestic product, being the segment of tourism with the highest growth in the world in the last 5 years. The necessary conditions for the development of medical tourism presuppose the fulfillment of a combination of factors: qualified and quality labor, infrastructure with a state-of-the-art technology, the existence of complementary tourist services. Romania has become a destination on the map of medical tourism through the following facilities: a large number of specialists, clinics and practices, as well as the international recognition of the medical education system in Romania. In addition, medical tourism offers the advantage of reduced costs for medical procedures and advantageous adjacent tourism products.Item Evaluarea indicatorilor de dezvoltare durabilă al sectorului rural(IEFS, 2012) Bujor, T.; Turcan-Susu, Aurelia; Grinciuc, L.; Bujor, I.Dezvoltarea durabilă este un proces de schimbări care permite folosirea pe termen lung a mediului astfel încît dezvoltarea economică să rămînă posibilă concomitent cu menţinerea calităţii mediului la un nivel acceptabil.Durabilă poate fi şi dezvoltarea comunităţilor rurale care reprezintă un proces în care comunitatea este implicată în mod activ pentru mobilizarea tuturor iniţiativelor şi valorificarea resurselor proprii în beneficiul social-economic al comunităţii. Pentru a obţine asemenea deprinderi, trebuie întocmită o evaluare a stării social-economice actuale, precum şi o evaluare a condiţiilor de mediu care să evidenţieze calităţile naturale şi deficienţele produse prin intervenţia omului. Evaluarea stării social-economice se bazează pe calculul indicatorilor specifici care trebuie interpretaţi atît în cadrul general al ţării, căruia aparţine teritoriul, cît şi în funcţie de tradiţiile şi nivelul local al evoluţiei comunităţii respective. Din acest motiv rezultă că indicatorii de apreciere a dezvoltării rurale trebuie adaptaţi la nivelul general de evoluţie al societăţii la un moment dat şi pot fi grupaţi după scara geografică la care se referă şi după sectorul de activitate pe care-l reflectă.Item Some directions of action in external debt management meant to minimize the risks of a debt crisis in Romania(INCE, 2023) Milea, CameliaConsidering the almost continuous increase in Romania's external debt after 2006, as well as the discontinuous rise in the share of short-term external debt in the total external debt starting from 2010, the author aims to highlight the most important risks that can affect the external debt, as well as some measures aimed at minimizing the risks of a debt crisis in Romania. In the article, it is shown that price fluctuation (namely, exchange rate and interest rate) is the most important risk for external debt management. Next, there are presented the factors influencing the price risk, and the ability to pay the external debt service. Also, there are suggested some measures meant to improve the evolution of these factors, as well as some directions of action to minimize the risks of a debt crisis in Romania. They include supporting the growth of exports with elevated added value and a high degree of processing, reducing the share of short-term external debt in the total external debt, correlating the currencies in which exports are sold and of foreign exchange reserves with the currencies in which external debt is contracted, tempering the rate of growth of the external debt, especially of the short-term debt. The methodology used consists of comparative and descriptive analyses, empirical analysis, drawing of conclusions and literature review. The article is based on the research project " Romania's external indebtedness in current and perspective conditions ", elaborated in CFMR "Victor Slăvescu" in 2022, under the coordination of Camelia Milea, Ph.D.Item Key elements of the economics growth of the companies in the globalisation: financial instruments of the business plan in international perspective(IEFS, 2012) Laskai, AndrasThe paper appeared in the latest international business literature analysis presented plans to circumscribed regionally. It details two important topics as the title indicates this. The presentation of the parts of the business plan and the financial one, and all these his appearance in the sampling analyses. Since the sampling procedure in this regard has so far not taken place, the paper serves as their foundation. The exploration of the centre of gravity question of the paper is defining the key elements of the successful business plan, his mapping from the international literature. The most important ones are the financial areas from among the components. These give the soul of the business plans. The most important characteristics of successful business plans are the consistent concentration of the components of financial planning. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part of the basic fundamentals are presented. Like this the sources of which use was made, and presents the detailing of fundamental concepts. Furthermore, the second part displays the comparative analysis of the different literature statements. The third and final section presents the conclusions, a compass pointing to future research.Item Evoluţii recente în agricultură cu impact asupra strategiilor de dezvoltare a unităţilor economice agricole(IEFS, 2012) Bulgac, VitaliiThe increase in the sectors that have a greater concentration of labor force, like agriculture, has a bigger impact on the reduction of the poverty, as the less intense activities like the labor force. It is estimated that 1% of the agricultural increase per capita reduces the poverty 1,6 times more than the industrial increase and 3 times more that the increase in the services sector. There also is a lot of literature, from the critical contributions that do not accept the concept of “agriculture on the first place” to more recent opinions like “agro-pessimism”. The last one is based on the observations that the agriculture in the developing countries could be the most productive economical sector. The importance of the agricultural sector decreases with the economical development. The agriculture’s role in the development of the economy consists in providing cheap food and cheap labor places in the modern sector.Item Considerații generale vizând investițiile – factorul cheie al creșterii economice durabile a sectorului agrar(IEFS, 2012) Sargo, AlionaDeveloping the agricultural sector is facing more and more with technical and scientific implications, whose products" require for their application in production investment funds. Mechanization, automation and robotization production could become a reality outside spending by the company of investment funds. For developing countries investment in agriculture should be considered as the only factor that can decrease the gap to provide countries with advanced agriculture. Only by appropriate use of investment resources can develop the agricultural sector of the state and can increase productivity. Investments are a main factor of modernization of agriculture, since all the changes that administer the economic, technical and technological structure, the sector can keep pace with scientific and technical requirements are subject to investment. Investments are the most extensive growth factor sustainable agriculture, which makes us think of a close interdependence with intensive factors, those which increase the economic efficiency of resources employed in the agricultural system.Item Investiții în fondul locativ ca premisă necesară unei creșteri economice durabile în Republica Moldova(IEFS, 2012) Durbailo, AnaThe creation and development of a functional market economy, including the real estate market, is a long-term process and requires systematic and thorough studies. Estimating this value is required in various cases, such as for the purpose of selling and purchasing, the taxable value, the founding enterprises, getting a loan from the Bank and many others. Formation of the market of the real estate starts in 1989, when the decision was adopted which allowed the selling and buying of State housing and the general welfare. However, the formation of the housing market developed only in 1992, when the conditions had been created for real estate transactions. Now, the housing market turned into a form of an integral and a special market with a well-developed infrastructure and a strong influence on the economic stability of the Republic of Moldova.Item Фискальная политика в исследованиях экономического роста(IEFS, 2012) Alexandrova, MariaThe last few years have been a real challenge for the financial system of Ukraine. Changing the budget legislation and radical reform of the tax on the background of the world has intensified destabilization issue of efficient functioning of the economy. The work investigated the conditions for stable economic growth, the factors affecting the implementation of an effective fiscal policy, and the basic principles of fiscal policy in times of economic growth