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Item Economia Republicii Moldova la un sfert de secol: oportunități și eșecuri(INCE, 2016) Stratan, Alexandru; Olarescu, ZahariaLa 27 august 2016 Republica Moldova a marcat aniversarea a 25 de ani de la obţinerea independenţei. O succintă trecere în revistă a perioadei ce s-a scurs, din punct de vedere a evoluţiei economiei naţionale, trebuie să ne dea răspuns la întrebarea, dacă suntem noi satisfăcuţi ori nu de acele rezultate care le-am obţinut în această perioadă.Item Modelul de calcul de echilibru general la evaluarea creşterii economice(INCE, 2015) Naval, ElviraIn present notes Calculated General Equilibrium Model (CGEM) with four factors of production inclusive land and research factors is proposed for economic growth evaluation. Constant Elasticity Substitution and Constant Elasticity Transformation production functions are considered for Republic of Moldova economy description. Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) construction for calibrating purposes is examined.Item Проблемы и перспективы устойчивого и качественного экономического развития субъектов торговой инфраструктуры потребительского рынка Украины(INCE, 2015) Кушнир, Тамила; Филипишина, ЛилияThe issues of sustainable and qualitative development have long been the focus of world economic and political discussions. For Ukraine, it is even more relevant because the country is undergoing contradictory and complex transformational changes in all spheres of activity for a long time. An essential attribute of the socio-economic development of Ukraine is the presence of a number of problems related to the status and trends of the consumer market as a form of manifestation of the economic mechanism through which expresses the interests of production and consumption. And both are within the scope of destabilizing the state as a result of intense folding of domestic production at a low competitiveness, productivity and raw material orientation, and to ensure effective demand of imports and inflation. A key figure in this process stands trading infrastructure entities that throughout the period of formation of market relations in Ukraine demonstrate active development. At the same time, organizational, large and medium-sized enterprises account for 80% of turnover in view of the fact that their number is about 5%. These structural relations are considered to be deformed, because they do not correspond to market conditions the development of entrepreneurship in the sphere of trade, led to the monopolization of the sphere of circulation of commodities and substantial differentiation level of trading service of the population in the settlements of various types. In addition to these, it is possible to diagnose even a number of problems associated with the formation of new type of relations between the subjects of trade-related infrastructure that accompanied its development over the market formation, exacerbated by the global financial and economic crisis and intensified with renewed vigor after the start of the military-political conflict in the country. Their identification and examination will determine the appropriate mechanisms for managing entities trading infrastructure to ensure effective development. The aim of this research is to identify the problems of the subjects of trade infrastructure in order to ensure sustainable and high-quality economic growth. Methods of this research are structurally-logical and semantic analysis (to clarify the terminology of the theory of trade infrastructure of the consumer market), systematic, comprehensive analysis, analytical methods and comparative economic analysis (the analysis of the status and dynamics of development of the subjects of trade infrastructure of the consumer market) and others. Results of this research are identification and systematization of problems, study prospects for sustainable and qualitative economic development of the trading infrastructure of the consumer market.Item Previziunea fenomenelor şi proceselor economice pe piaţă(INCE, 2015) Matei-Gherman, CorinaIn a changing economy forecast the direction of change and the key driver that determines the meaning of change is particularly important for research, constituting an essential component of decision making. In a market with strong competition, for example, a company using marketing research, would like to obtain information about its products sales forecast current and potential issues within the competence of solving marketing activity. To make a prediction in assessing future manifestation of a certain phenomenon, we must bind the timeframe in which it will manifest. For these reasons, the research will identify the first variable / variables that determine the greatest evolution of the phenomenon, then set the forecasting methodology to be used, then specific forecasting model. Determination bases solving development problems of economic phenomena is based on accurate prediction of change environmental factors.Item Interferenţa ordinii economice şi a proprietăţii(INCE, 2015) Barbaneagra, OxanaEconomiştii rareori plasează problema ordinii şi dezordinii în centrul cercetării lor, deşi experienţa istorică şi contemporană ar trebui să-i impună să facă acest lucru. Aceasta pe motivul că stabilirea şi menţinerea ordinii economice în condiţiile schimbării dinamice a fost şi rămâne o problemă centrală a lumii moderne. Ordinea economică este o condiţie necesară (dar nu suficientă) pentru creşterea economică pe termen lung. Ea este, la fel, o condiţie necesară (dar nu suficientă) pentru constituirea instituţiilor, care asigură libertatea persoanelor şi siguranţa averilor într-o societate democratică. Istoria ordinilor economice denotă, că evoluţia societăţii este urmată de un permanent proces de redistribuire a obiectelor şi drepturilor de proprietate. The problem of order and disorder is rarely the core of economists’ researches, although historic and contemporary experience should require them to do so. This is because establishing and maintaining the economic order under dynamic changes has been and remains a key problem of the modern world. The economic order is a necessary condition (but not sufficient) for long-term economic growth. It is also a prerequisite (but not sufficient) for setting up institutions that ensure personal freedom and safety of assets in a democratic society. History of economic order shows that the evolution of society is followed by a permanent process of redistributing objects and property rights.Item Abordarea creşterii economice sustenabile prin prisma conceptului de potenţial economic(INCE, 2015) Bucos, TatianaAccentuarea importanţei conceptului de dezvoltare economică sustenabilă în teoria şi practica economică, determină necesitatea orientării cercetărilor ştiinţifice către identificarea condiţiilor social-economice, capabile să asigure acest gen de dezvoltare. Cercetările asupra posibilităţilor de atingere a dezvoltării economice sustenabile devin extrem de importante pentru ţările mici, cu o economie deschisă, precum este şi Republica Moldova. Pentru a determina şansele acestor ţări de a ajunge la o creştere economică sustenabilă este necesară redirecţionarea cercetării de la abordarea perspectivelor de dezvoltare a ţării prin prisma contabilizării resurselor economice, către abordarea prin prisma potenţialului economic naţional. În articol sunt aduse argumente în favoarea integrării categoriei potenţial economic în conceptul de dezvoltare economică sustenabilă. În definiţia propusă se pun accente atât pe necesitatea abordării sistemice a potenţialului economic naţional cât şi pe importanţa mediului social-economic în care se realizează valorificarea acestuia. Emphasizing the importance of the concept of sustainable economic development in economic theory and practice, determined the need to orient scientific research to identify socio-economic conditions that would be able to provide this kind of development. Researching of the possibilities of achieving sustainable economic development is crucial for small open economies, as Republic of Moldova. To determine the chances of these countries to reach sustainable economic growth is necessary that fundamental research be directed to approach economic potential. The author argues the need to integrate the category "economic potential" in the concept of sustainable economic development. The proposed definition emphasizes the need for a systemic approach to the category national economic potential. At the same time, the definition emphasizes the importance of the quality of social and economic environment in which national economic potential is exploited.Item Перспективы сотрудничества восточно европейских государств с региональными банками развития(INCE, 2015) Абухович, ЮлияEastern European states have currently faced a number of challenges, including the need to increase capital investments in modern infrastructure for development of economic potential and improvement of the quality of life with limited possibilities of budget financing. At the same time, regional development banks become more and more important in the global distribution of investment resources. Attracting financial resources of regional development banks, which may be the solution to this problem, involves the alignment of the individual strategies of interaction with each of these financial institutions. The purpose of the work is to study key features of regional development banks, and identifying opportunities to cooperate with them to achieve systemically important effects of socio-economic development in Eastern European countries. The following methods were used: logical, comparative economic and statistical analysis, the methods of generalization, grouping and classification, dynamic analysis of business models. Based on analysis of operating performance of the regional development banks, revealed the role of banks as the most significant source of financing investment projects in Eastern Europe and one of the main mechanisms for the implementation of measures aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of the global financial and economic crisis.Item Цикличность экономического развития экономики: аспекты обеспечения конкурентоспособности предприятия торговли(INCE, 2015) Черная, Марина; Зубков, СергеиThe current development of the domestic economy is characterized by volatility and uncertainty of the market environment under increasing of globalization and integration processes, significant exacerbation of the crisis and the permanent transformation of the economic conditions. In such circumstances, the priority problem entrepreneurs are faced with in the process of formation and development of the business is highly dynamic and unpredictable environment. For leading and development on the market it is necessary forecast and develop such solutions which will be most effective in specific circumstances the impact of adverse factors, as well as to ensure the competitiveness of the business, sustainable competitive position in the market, the acquirement and retention of competitive advantages for a long time. One of the ensuring conditions is taking into account of development processes cycle. Therefore, the study of the development processes cycle under ensuring of the enterprise competitiveness stipulates the topicality of these researches. The purpose of this research is determining of the influence characteristics of the phases of economic cycles on the formation of competitive advantages of the enterprise. Methods of the research are structural and logical and semantic analysis (for clarifying of the terminology of the competitiveness theory and development cycle), systematic and comprehensive analysis (under analysis of competitiveness and competitive advantages of enterprises); analytical methods are comparative and economic analysis (during the analysis of the features of cyclical development, competition in the trade), and others. Results of the research are identification and systematization of the phases of the individual cycles (short, medium, long) of the national economy development, substantiation of competitive advantages of trade enterprises, which are the most topical precisely in these conditions.Item Малое семейное предприятие: специфические возможности и риски в условиях Республики Молдова(2015) Aculai, Elena; Vinogradova, NataliaВ экономически развитых странах, как и государствах, формирующих рыночную экономику, значимость семейного бизнеса сложно переоценить. В большинстве стран Европейского Союза доля семейных предприятий составляет 70-90% в общем количестве фирм. В Молдове семейные предприятия также вносят вклад в экономическое развитие страны, хотя их деятельность законодательно не регламентирована и статистикой не учитывается. Цель данной статьи - доказать принадлежность семейного бизнеса преимущественно к сектору малых и средних предприятий (МСП) в Республике Молдова; рассмотреть барьеры малых семейных предприятий, обусловленные доступом к отдельным видам ресурсов и другими ограничивающими факторами внешней среды; выявить возможности семейных МСП, которые позволяют увеличить активы семейных предприятий и частично компенсировать недостатки деятельности институтов поддержки бизнеса. Методической основой для написания статьи послужили, прежде всего, результаты опросов и интервью с предпринимателями, проведенные авторами в ходе выполнения международных проектов и исследований, реализованных в Национальном Институте Экономических Исследований в период 2011-2013 гг.; данные Национального Бюро Статистики Республики Молдова, результаты других исследований. В результате исследования сделан вывод, что особенности семейного предпринимательства не только создают барьеры, но и предоставляют дополнительные возможности для развития бизнеса, отчасти компенсируя недостаток ресурсов предприятий, прежде всего, финансовых и кадровых. Both in developed countries, as well as in countries with emerging economies, the importance of the family business may be hardly overestimated. In most European Union countries the share of family enterprises is 70-90% of the total number of firms. In Moldova, family businesses also contribute to the economic development of the country, although their activities are not regulated by the legislation and are not taken into account by statistics. The purpose of this article is to prove the prevalent belonging of the family business to the small and medium-sized enterprises sector (SMEs) in the Republic of Moldova; to consider the barriers of small family businesses, due to access to certain types of resources, and other limiting factors of the environment; to identify the opportunities of family SMEs, which allow to increase the assets of family businesses and partially offset the disadvantages of activity of business support institutions. Methodological basis for writing the article cover, above all, the results of surveys and interviews with the entrepreneurs, carried out by the authors in the course of implementation of international projects, as well as studies conducted in the National Institute of Economic in the period of 2001-2013; data of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, the results of other studies. As a result, it was concluded that the characteristics of family entrepreneurship not only create barriers, but also provide additional opportunities for business development, partly compensating for the lack of resources of enterprises, especially financial and personnel ones.Item Реформы в Украине – миф или реальность?(2015) Красовская, ОльгаToday in the Ukrainian society the word "reform" is widely used everywhere. Reforms are the “litmus test” of new government ability to respond both external and internal expectations and challenges. Increasingly, both international players and ordinary citizens, talk about slow pace or even complete absence of reforms in Ukraine. At the same time, quite often the participants of so called "reform discussions" mean under reforms different things and have different expectations from results of their implementation.. Paper aimed to analysis of main methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of reforms in Ukraine to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Research methods. The paper describes the most commonly used indexes and methodologies for assessing the success of Ukrainian economy reforming. The paper was prepared within the project "Strategic Advisory Group on Economic Reforms for Ukraine" implemented by the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting with the financial support of the International "Renaissance" Foundation. Results. It is shown in the paper that each of the proposed instruments has advantages and disadvantages, first of all methodological, and search for the optimal scheme of reforms effectiveness evaluation in Ukraine continues.