Browsing by Author "Gutium, Tatiana"

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Abordarea conceptuală a competitivității și a interdependenței dintre concurență și competitivitate
(Departamentul Editorial-Poligrafic al ASEM, 2017) Gutium, Tatiana
Acest articol este consacrat analizei interdependenței şi corelației dintre concurență și competitivitate, consecințelor concurenței. Au fost analizate concepţiile unor specialişti al căror domeniu de cercetare îl constituie competitivitatea, tangențele dintre teoriile concurenței și competitivității. Utilizând indicatorul sintetic elaborat de autor, este evaluată competitivitatea bunurilor autohtone pe piața internă și pe piața externă. La finele acestui articol, au fost făcute propuneri de sporire a competitivității.
Access to finance by Moldovan small and medium enterprises: main obstacles and solutions
("Independenţa Economică", 2022) Gutium, Tatiana; Speian, Olesea
The small and medium-sized enterprise sector is one of the main elements of the modern national economy and is the guarantor of the existence of competition. It contributes to increasing the percentage of the middle class and the creation of new jobs in the state. Finance plays a crucial role in the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises. One of the main obstacles to the development of SMEs in the Republic of Moldova is limited access to finance. The article presents the results of the analysis of the evolution of the main indicators of business activity of enterprises. The object of this study is to describe the experience of Moldovan small and medium-sized enterprises in accessing finance, highlighting the main obstacles. Using the software package EViews 9, an econometric model was developed for the dependence of the total credits given to the small and medium-sized enterprises on the follow factors: Consumer Price Index, base rate, non-performing credits and the volume of redemption government securities. Based on the results of the study, measures have been developed to improve access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova.
Accessibility and quality of healthcare service in the Republic of Moldova
(„Independenţa Economică”, 2023) Gutium, Tatiana
Quality is one of the main characteristics of the assessment of health services. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the World Health Organization calls for countries to increase access to quality essential health services, medicines, and vaccines for the entire population, regardless of income level. The degree of implementation of this task in the Republic of Moldova is the research objective of this paper. The purpose of research is to assess the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. The analysis showed that there is a relationship between the level of income of the population and the degree of satisfaction of the population with their health. In this study, the author performed a comparative analysis of access to health services in the Republic of Moldova by area. Likewise, the author analysed the interdependence between population income and access to quality health services. A financial resource is an important condition in ensuring access to certain medical services, so the benefit of treatment or medical observation depends on the level of population well-being.
Adaptarea modelului balanţei interramurale natural-valorile pentru evaluarea economiei neobservate
(Complexul Editorial, USEM, 2015) Ganciucov, Valentina; Gutium, Tatiana
Acest articol este dedicat adaptării modelului economico-matematic balanţei interramurale, care poate fi folosit atât pentru elaborarea scenariilor dezvoltării economiei naționale, cât și pentru estimarea economiei neobservate. Autorii descriu principiile de bază utilizate la elaborarea modelului, funcțiile şi structura lui.
Analiza comparativă a calității vieții și a nivelului de confort al populației
(INCE, 2022) Gutium, Tatiana
Calitatea vieții populației nu este doar un obiect de cercetare, dar și o problema sociala, care se regasește in agenda unei guvernari publice eficiente. Pentru a monitoriza calitatea vieții și nivelul de confort al populației este necesar inițial de stabilit indicatorii, care pot fi estimați in baza datelor statistice disponibile și metodele de calcul ale acestora. Scopul cercetarii este alegerea indicatorilor potriviți, care pot fi utilizați pentru a studia calitatea vieții populației in contextul luarii deciziilor manageriale pentru a asigura dezvoltarea durabila a economiei naționale și a crea condiții de confort populației. Rezultatele cercetarii au aratat ca calitatea vieții populației din Republica Moldova este la un nivel inferior comparative cu principalii parteneri comerciali din Uniunea Europeana. Asigurarea bunastarii populației pune accentul pe modificarea relațiilor sociale in contextul tranziției la un model al unui stat digitalizat. Studiul a fost realizat in cadrul proiectului Programului de Stat 20.80009.0807.29 „Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare a instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabila a bunastarii populație Republicii Moldova”.
Analysis of the Impact of Tariff Levels on Energy and Other Services on Macroeconomic Indicators
(IEEE, 2017) Gutium, Tatiana; Postolati, Vitalie; Bykova, Elena; Grodetskiy, Mihail; Celac, Irina
Energy resources are one of the main components of the production cost. The volume of this kind of cost depends on the consumption and tariffs set by suppliers. The branches of the economy are mutually related at the stage of production and sales. A number of macroeconomic indicators, which are quite complex systems, characterizes their activities. Identify the impact on them of tariffs on energy expended and various services is quite a challenge. Nevertheless, this issue is very important, since the establishment of tariffs for energy, material resources and services is sometimes carried out without taking into account their influence on the final macroeconomic indicators and the welfare of the population. In this article, an attempt is made to highlight the impact of tariffs on the main macroeconomic indicators of the economy. It turned out that the higher the tariffs, the greater the intermediate consumption and the lower the gross added value and the volume of the gross domestic product, as well as the volume of final consumption. To ensure sustainable development of the economy, it is necessary to coordinate the establishment of energy tariff levels, taking into account the welfare of the population.
Analysis of trading partners’ practices for improving the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova
(„Independenţa Economică”, 2021) Gutium, Tatiana
The main trading partners of the Republic of Moldova are Romania (member state of the European Union), the Russian Federation (member state of the Eurasian Economic Union) and Ukraine. The trade policies promoted by these states have particular characteristics, some of them have positive effects on national economy, but another negative effects. The object of research is the trade commercial policy. The main purpose of the study is the elaboration of recommendations for streamlining commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova based on experiences of the main trading partners. In order to achieve this aim, the following research methods were used: the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparative analysis, systemic approach. Economic growth, competitiveness and foreign trade are interdependent. Therefore, the relationship between trade policy and theories related to competitiveness was analysed for explain the theoretical aspect of the research object. According to the results of the analysis of trading partners’ practices was developed recommendations for improving the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova.
Approaches to Measurement of Well-being: Case of the Republic of Moldova
(LUMEN Publishing, 2020) Gutium, Tatiana
The development strategy of a modern state is oriented towards ensuring economic growth, increasing the well-being of citizens and reducing the level of poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on national economies, including the economy of the Republic of Moldova. That is why, the assessment of well-being, identify impact factors, the elaboration of recommendations for increasing well-being become current. Contemporary approaches to quantifying well-being focus on both the economic and social spheres. In this study are identified the weaknesses and strengths of the well-being indices, the dynamics of two composite welfare indices have been analyzed. In the research process, the influence of different factors was identified and their influence on the well-being of citizens and living standards was estimated. Applying the method of correlation and regression analysis, and using the software Eviews 9 were developed two multifactorial linear regression models: a model of the well-being and a model of living standard of population of the Republic of Moldova. Based on the analysis of the pillars of the Legatum Prosperity Index and the components of the Social Progress Index, priority sectors were identified, such as: health care, education, economic quality, enterprise conditions, environmental quality. At present, it is necessary to promote strategies to ensure sustainable economic growth, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the well-being of the local population.
Assessment of shadow economy in Moldova using the input-output model in 2014
(INCE, 2016) Ganciucov, Valentina; Gutium, Tatiana; Ceban, Alexandru
The shadow economy is the bane of modern society. Paradoxically, as the community is poorer, the level of the shadow economy is higher, which in turn leads to lower allocations in the budget, and as a consequence reduces social benefits, reducing the real wages of public sector employees, and the decline in living standards. Therefore, evaluation of the shadow economy is actual for any country in the world. The purpose of research is assessment of the shadow economy in the Republic of Moldova for 2014. From the methodological point of view, the authors used input-output balance method to identify and assess non-observed economy. As a result, the authors had identified elements of non-observed economy for a product group, and had calculated the losses of the state budget.
Assessment of the impact of the current system of personal income tax in the Republic of Moldova
(2021) Colesnicova, Tatiana; Gutium, Tatiana
This paper has been elaborated within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Proiect Program de Stat ”Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare a instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabila a bunastarii populației Republicii Moldova” / Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
Avantaje și dezavantaje ale economiei digitale
(ASEM, 2017) Pislaru, Aliona; Gutium, Tatiana
Avantajele, dezavantajele și eficiența sectorului energetic al Republicii Moldova
(Artifex, 2019) Gutium, Tatiana; Ciobanu, Mihail
The Republic of Moldova is an importing state of energy resources. For this reason, energy security research and evaluation of the efficiency of the domestic energy sector is relevant. The authors have studied the conceptual delimitations on energy security and efficiency, have investigated the pillars and factors influencing security, estimation methods and efficiency indicators, have evaluated the energy efficiency of the Republic of Moldova. The novelty of the article is the presentation of a new conceptual vision of energy security and efficiency.
Balanța interramurală natural-valorică ca instrument de elaborare a prognozelor și estimare a competitivității
(Tipogr. "Centrografic", 2019) Gutium, Tatiana
Problemele fundamentale cu care se confruntă Republica Moldova sunt: instabilitatea economică și politică; dependența de resursele energetice importate, prețul cărora crește și generează micșorarea competitivității bunurilor moldovenești pe piața externă; eficacitatea joasa a managementului public, care a cauzat diminuarea bunăstării populației și atingerea unui nivelul relativ scăzut al competitivităIii economiei naționale. Cu scopul majorării eficienței decizionale a administrației publice este necesar de elaborat un model economico-matematic cu ajutorul căruia pot fi estimate diverse scenarii de dezvoltare socio-economică a țării. Modelul in cauză ar permite evaluarea sensibilității indicatorilor macroeconomici de bază la aplicarea politicilor bugetar-fiscale, monetar-creditare, valutare, etc. Prognozarea economică este indispensabilă pentru determinarea obiectivelor posibile ale dezvoltării economiei naționale, elaborarea scenariile asigurării realizării acestora, identificarea opțiunilor probabile, evaluarea eficienței lor din punct de vedere economic pe termen mediu și lung, justificarea principalelor direcții ale politicii implementate, și pentru anticiparea consecințelor deciziilor luate.
Causes and consequences of the 2021 energy crisis
(Artifex, 2021) Gutium, Tatiana
The growth rates of the fuel and energy complex of countries exports energy resources are closely related to economic growth rates of countries imports these. The growth or decline in macroeconomic indicators of exporting and importing countries is accompanied by a change in energy balance and, accordingly, a change in the state of energy markets. This market is also influenced by the policies promoted by the world key players. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the causes and consequences of the 2021 energy crisis. The article systematizes the opinions of a number of economists about the causes of the energy crisis, provides evidence confirming the author's opinion on this subject of research and presents the expected consequences of the crisis both for the economy and for the welfare of the population. This study has been supported by the State Program 20.80009.0807.29 “Improving the application mechanisms of the innovative instruments oriented towards the sustainable growth of the well-being of population of the Republic of Moldova.”
Challenges and incentives for the growth of the competitiveness of the Moldovan economy
(“Baku Business University”, 2022) Stratan, Alexandru; Gutium, Tatiana
Classification of the competitiveness’ factors and new approaches to assessing the competitiveness
(INCE, 2018) Gutium, Tatiana
The vector of development of Moldovan economy, as well as the world economy, is unstable. In order not to be exposed to external shocks, it is necessary to ensure sustainable growth of the national economy. Only an economy that offers competitive products can achieve this goal. The object of the research is represented by the factors influencing the competitiveness of a product, and the main goals are the structuring of competitiveness factors and the development of new approaches in assessing competitive advantages. The following empirical and theoretical methods hjave been used in the study: observation and data collection, the method of scientific abstractions, comparative analysis, regression analysis, economic and mathematical modelling. In this article, the author has developed and applied two new ways to assess competitiveness. The study showed that the Moldovan economy is based on the production of primitive goods, while in order to achieve stable economic growth it is necessary to redirect its resources to the production of high-tech products and products with high added value.
Climate Change Impacts, Risks and Vulnerabilities in the Republic of Moldova: Observed Trends and Future Projections
(Bons Offices, 2023) Taranu, Lilia; Trescilo, Lidia; Bugaeva, Tatiana; Deveatii, Dumitru; Taranu, Ioan Sabin; Gutium, Tatiana; Bacean, Ion; Cosman, Sergiu; Beschieru, Eugeniu; Prosii, Erii; Robu, Sergiu
This study presents a largely indicator-based assessment of observed and projected climate change, impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities to national economy, agriculture, energy, forestry, human health, and society, based on a wide range of observations and different GCMs simulations. It identifies the regions and Administrative-Territorial Units (ATUs) that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts, risks and vulnerabilities. The principal sources of uncertainty for the climate change indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments. The climate change indicators included in this report cover observed and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of aggregation: national, regional (Northern, Central and Southern AEZs), ATUs and districts. This study also compiles information from a wide variety of recent data and information sources. It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC 6 Assessment Report (AR6), and a substantial amount of new information that became available due to this report has also been included. th Because climate change is a broad-based and multi-sectoral issue, the Government, business and civil society will need to be engaged in the discussion on what the RoM does to address it. Our aim is to inform those involved in this discussion, and illustrate the linkages between climate change and potential impacts, risks and vulnerabilities including the possible economic damage, the most vulnerable regions and ATUs. The Government, local authorities, urban and rural population, business and civil society are now concerned and interested in the climate change issue. This effort is in response to the country’s policies towards the challenges of climate change, expressed in key strategies such as the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy until 2020 and the Low-Emission Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030, and their corresponding Action Plans. The issue of climate change was expressed in these acts, mostly with a focus on sustainable development. Both policies are now under revision and updating process. The implementation of the updated NDC (2020) is foreseen through the Low Emission Development Programme until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation (LEDP 2030); its adoption is planned for the second half of 2023 year. The main scope of the LEDP 2030 is to mobilize and enable private and public actors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from economic activities, in line with the targets set out in the updated NDC. Regarding GHG emission reductions, the LEDP 2030 sets quantifiable targets for energy, industry, buildings transport, agriculture, LULUCF and waste sectors. With support from the UNDP, the Republic of Moldova has developed the National Climate Change Adaptation Programme until 2030 and the Action Plan for its implementation (NCCAP) . The NAP process is key to achieve the adaptation objectives outlined in the previous National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy until 2020 (NCCAS 2020) approved in 2014, as well as to mainstream climate considerations into policies and budgeting processes. The proposed adaptation measures for six priority sectors (agriculture, health, forestry, energy, water, and transport) as well as the identification of the key indicators to monitor the process of adaptation to climate change are being discussed . The NCCAP 2030 is also planned to be approved by Government in the second half of 2023 year. 6 The research and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RoM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. The “climate for change” that currently exists in the RoM will provide the country with the motivation it needs to rise to the challenge. There are a range of adaptation options, such as disaster risk management, early warning systems, climate services and risk spreading and sharing that have broad applicability across sectors and provide greater benefits to other adaptation options when combined. For example, climate services that are inclusive of different users and providers can improve agricultural practices, inform better water use and efficiency, and enable resilient infrastructure planning. Enhancing knowledge on risks, impacts, and their consequences, and available adaptation options promotes societal and policy responses. Building capacity and removing some barriers to accessing finance is fundamental to accelerate adaptation, especially for vulnerable groups, regions and sectors. Climate resilient development is already challenging at current global warming levels. The prospects for climate resilient development will be further limited if global warming levels exceeds 1.5°C and not be possible in some regions and sub-regions if the global warming level exceeds 2°C. Any further delay in concerted anticipatory actions on adaptation and mitigation will miss a brief and rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all.
Climate change vulnerability index case study for the Republic of Moldova
(PRO Universitaria, 2021) Gutium, Tatiana; Taranu, Lilia
The assessment of vulnerability to climate change focuses on identifying how threats from climate change can affect the ecological and socio-economic environment. This assessment takes into account the adaptation capacity and resilience of different institutions and key sectors to climate change and how climate change and other risks are reflected in the socio-economic and environmental dimensions at national, regional, and local level. Indicators of vulnerability to climate change can be aggregated by weighting to obtain Climate Vulnerability Index. The authors propose a new algorithm for calculating the Climate Vulnerability Index for the Republic of Moldova’s administrativeterritorial units as a composite index that includes three pillars:exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Each of the pillars includes a set of sub-indices, which in turn contain of several indicators.
Comerțul exterior, competitivitatea și creșterea economiei Republicii Moldova
(Artifex, 2019) Gutium, Tatiana
Trade flows of the Republic of Moldova, and the comparative advantages in the division of goods represent the research objectives of this article. The main purpose is to identify those goods and groups of commodities whose specialization in manufacturing would ensure sustainable economic growth. Research has shown that the structure of exports is dominated by primary products with extremely low added value and goods that are made from clients' materials. In order to ensure economic growth, the state should focus on the development of the following branches of the manufacturing industry: agro-food industry, light industry and industry of construction materials.
Competitiveness of Goods and Classification of Influence Factors
(AGEPI, 2018) Gutium, Tatiana
Fluctuations of the vector of development of the free market lead to increased competition; so the problem of increasing the competitiveness of goods becomes especially acute. In turn, the development of measures to improve competitiveness is impossible without studying the factors of influence. In order to structure the factors, it is necessary to develop a new classifier containing new components. The main purpose of research is the elaboration of a classifier that would include new factors besides those already known. In the process of both empirical and theoretical research methods were used: observation, comparison, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete. The study has shown that there is interdependence between the competitiveness of goods and the Gross Domestic Product per capita, also the factors of competitiveness of goods can be divided into the following groups: quality, price, after-sales service, marketing elements, and psychological factors.