Explorarea intențiilor de migrație ale studenților din învățământul profesional și superior: analiză comparativă

Abstract

In the context of demographic decline, which has significantly reduced the number and proportion of young people in the general population, this study aims to estimate the migration intentions of Moldovan students enrolled in secondary and postsecondary vocational schools, as well as higher educational institutions. The research explores the influence of key factors on intentions to emigrate for study, work, or permanent residence abroad. To assess these emigration intentions, data from the sociological study ”Youth Transition to Adulthood in the Context of Prolonged Crises”, conducted between January and February 2023, were used. A sub-sample of 450 young individuals enrolled in vocational and higher education institutions at the time of the study was analyzed. Findings reveal that labor migration is predominant among students, particularly those in secondary technical vocational education. Furthermore, a significant link was found between migration intentions and perceptions of limited future prospects in the country. Notably, students with family members already abroad and those sceptical of Moldova’s economic stability exhibit a stronger inclination to emigrate, viewing migration as a path to improved career opportunities. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive national policies focused on youth retention by aligning educational offerings with labor market demands, fostering an optimistic economic environment, and enhancing intersectoral collaboration across education, labor, and social support systems.