Impact of labour mobility on the demographic phenomenon evolution in the 21st century. The case of Romania

Abstract

The forecast regarding the total population of Romania in 2050 are pessimistic, with estimates of population decline ranging between 15 and 16 million people. One of the factors influencing population decline is the phenomenon of migration. Romania is facing a massive migration phenomenon (domestic, but especially external). This migration from less developed areas (rural areas or small cities) to economically dynamic urban areas or other states has led to an imbalance in population distribution and socio-demographic structures and even a marked depopulation in certain areas. Purpose: identification and synthesis of factors that have produced new characteristics of the structure, size and intensity of migratory flows and analysis of the impact of labour mobility on demographic evolution. Method: Descriptive statistical analysis was mainly used to visualize and synthesize information derived from international/national migration data and demographic changes. The classification analysis was used in defining a typology of the size and structure of migratory flows and of the factors that caused the demographic decline in Romania. The factorial analysis was used in the creation of indices to compare the effects of labour migration on demographic evolution in the short and medium term. Results: Conducting a comparative analysis of the effects of labour migration on the demographic structure in Romania.