Economie socială
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Item Accesibilitatea economică a populaţiei Republicii Moldova la serviciile locativ-comunale(Artifex, 2023) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article substantiates the expediency of using indicators related to household consumer spending when assessing the economic accessibility of housing and communal services. The central place among them is occupied by the indicator “share of expenses for payment of housing and communal services in total household consumer spending”. Its analysis led to the conclusion that in 2019-2021 the economic accessibility of the population of the Republic of Moldova to housing and communal services increased, but in 2022 it significantly decreased. To compare the accessibility of housing and communal services for the population of the Republic of Moldova and foreign countries, the statistical data were brought to comparable values. It is shown that in no other EU country when paying for utilities there is such a big burden on household budgets as in the Republic of Moldova. The main reason for this situation is the establishment of high tariffs for water supply and sewerage, as well as for the use of energy resources.Item Оценка доступа населения Республики Молдова к системам водоснабжения и канализации(2023) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article considers one of the acute social problems of the Republic of Moldova – the access of the country's population to high-quality drinking water and the sewerage system. It is shown that there is unequal access to these systems both in the territorial aspect and depending on the level of well-being of the population. This causes an objective need to expand the access of the population to the water supply and sewerage systems as a factor in raising the standard of living and improving the living conditions of the country's population.Item Perspectivele turismului medical pentru persoanele vârstnice din Republica Moldova(ОНТУ, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaCreșterea rapidă a îmbătrânirii demografice creează o nouă cerere pe piața turismului. O modalitate de îmbunătățire a stării de sănătate a persoanelor vârstnice ar fi turismul medical. În prezent, turismul pentru persoanele vârstnice este unul dintre cele mai relevante domenii ale turismului. În același timp, trebuie menționat că diverse țări scandinave și europene întreprind anumiți pași de a organiza recreerea pentru generația vârstnică.Item Минимальная заработная плата как инструмент социальной защиты: оценка и рекомендации по её повышению в Республике Молдова(КГУ, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article examines the role of the minimum wage in the reproduction of the labor force. It is indicated that in the Republic of Moldova there are two levels of the minimum wage: the minimum wage in the public sector and the guaranteed minimum wage in the real sector of economy. The dynamics of these indicators for 2013-2021 is given. The analysis of the ratio of their values with the subsistence minimum of an able-bodied person, as well as with the average wage in the country's economy (Kaitz index). It is proposed to raise the minimum wage in accordance with international practice. In particular, it is recommended to gradually bring the minimum wage in the public sector closer to 1.5 times the subsistence minimum of an able-bodied person, and the guaranteed minimum wage in the real sector to 50% of the average wage in the country's economy.Item Ensuring the sustainability of the pension system in the Republic of Moldova(Performantica, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe functioning of the pension system from Republic of Moldova is negatively affected by factors inherent in the pension system itself (inadequate pension level, high pressure of financing the pension system, its financial instability), on the one hand, and external factors of the pension system (among which is the intensified process of population aging), on the other hand, which poses risks to the sustainable functioning of the pension system, which should maintain an adequate level of pensions for their beneficiaries, with an acceptable burden of funding pension payments. The purpose of the study is to develop the main directions for ensuring the sustainability of the pension system from Republic of Moldova. Research methods: monographic, analogies, comparison, statistics, etc. Research results. Specific measures have been developed to improve the pension system from Republic of Moldova, which aim to: a) increase the income from pensions and other sources and, on this basis, reduce the risk of poverty of pensioners; b) ensure through pension a certain compensation of pre-retirement income; c) strengthen the financial sustainability of the pension system, which implies its ability to fulfill its long- term obligations.Item Evaluarea experienței mondiale de ocupare a persoanelor vârstnice pe piața muncii și oportunitatea de utilizare a acesteia în Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Heghea, EcaterinaIn an age of frequent and rapid changes in all areas of life, against the background of the demographic aging of the population and the lack of qualified labor force, it is not surprising that in many countries they began to dynamically promote active aging policies and the integration of pensioners into the labor force, thus trying to overcome the problems of social exclusion of elderly people and the increasing financial burden on the budget of states associated with ension payments. In this context, it seems necessary to consider the global experience of employment of pensioners in the labor market, as well as the possibilities of its application in the Republic of Moldova. The methods of analysis, comparison, analogy and statistical analysis were used in the article. Results of the study: the experience of integration of pensioners in the labor market was considered, as well as the possibility of its application in the Republic of Moldova. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.Item Evaluarea principalilor indicatori de funcţionare a sistemului de pensii din Republica Moldova(Artifex, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaIn the Republic of Moldova, significant changes are currently being implemented in the pension norms, which have a significant impact on the functioning of the pension system. Its further modernization should take into account the consequences of these changes, in connection with which there was an objective need to assess the dynamics of the main indicators of the pension system. This is the reason for the actuality of this article. The following methods were used in the study: monographic, analogies, comparison, statistics, etc. The assessment of the number of pensioners showed that it has a downward trend. The factors influencing this process were determined. The impact of the increase in the standard retirement age on the decrease in the number of pensioners is assessed. Changes in the structure of the number of recipients of various types of pensions, as well as such indicators as the number of pensioners per 1000 people of the population and the coefficient of support for pensioners are analyzed. The factors causing the growth of the nominal and real size of the pension have been established. As a negative phenomenon, a significant differentiation in the size of pensions by their types, as well as an increased “gap” in the size of pensions by age between men and women, was assessed.Item Eficienţa social-economică a sistemului de pensii din Republica Moldova (analiza comparativă)(Artifex, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaIn the Republic of Moldova, the problem of low socio-economic efficiency of the pension system is very acute. It needs to be refined by applying innovative tools. For their elaboration, there is an objective need to analyze the main indicators of the socio-economic efficiency of the pension system of the Republic of Moldova and their comparison with other countries, which is the objective of this article. The following methods were used in the research: monographic, analogies, comparison, statistics, etc. The analysis of the socio-economic efficiency of the pension system in the Republic of Moldova was conducted based on the criteria developed by the World Bank: the adequacy of the size of pensions, the feasibility of the funding burden, sustainability and long-term adaptability. Using these criteria, the following indicators were calculated: the ratio between the size of the pension and the subsistence minimum value, the purchasing power of the pension, the replacement rate and the sizes of the pensions as a percentage of GDP. They were compared with the corresponding indicators in OECD countries. It is shown that pensioners in the Republic of Moldova are in a more unfavorable situation than in other countries. The conclusion was reached about the low socio-economic efficiency of the pension system of the Republic of Moldova and its poor adaptation to the imminent demographic challenges.Item Evoluția sistemului de pensii din Republica Moldova: inovații legislative și normative(INCE, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaModernizarea sistemului de pensii presupune atat perfecționarea principiilor de funcționare a acestuia, cat și modificarea corespunzatoare a normelor de pensii. In aceste scopuri, este indicat de a utiliza experiența straina și, in primul rand experiența europeana de reformare a sistemelor de pensii. Totodata, este necesar sa se țina cont de diferențele existente dintre sistemele de pensii ale țarilor UE și sistemul de pensii al Republicii Moldova, precum și de particularitațile de dezvoltare ale celui din urma. Aceasta determina necesitatea evaluarii evoluției sistemului de pensii in Republica Moldova, identificarea tendințelor de modificare a normelor de pensii, determinate de implementarea actelor legislative și normative corespunzatoare.Item Inegalitatea nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova și măsurile de reducere a acesteia(INCE, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaIn Republica Moldova, inegalitatea nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale se manifesta in aproape toate domeniile ale activitații umane. Problema inegalitații a devenit și mai acuta drept urmare a pandemiei COVID-19 și a celei mai grave secete din anul 2020. Acest fapt necesita o evaluare cuprinzatoare a inegalitații nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale și identificarea factorilor care au cea mai mare influența asupra acestui proces. Inegalitatea este un obstacol serios in calea dezvoltarii regionale echilibrate, accentueaza diferențierea sociala a populației și sporește riscul saraciei in randul satenilor. In acest sens, exista o necesitate obiectiva de a elabora masurile științific fundamentate de reducere a inegalitații nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova. Scopul cercetarii. Efectuarea unei evaluari complexe a nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova. Pe aceasta baza, de a determina relațiile cauza-efect care determina procesele de inegalitate in diferite domenii ale activitații umane. Elaborarea masurilor de imbunatațire a nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova. Metode de cercetare: monografica, statistica, comparativa, analogiilor, analiza și sinteza. Rezultatele cercetarii. Evaluarea inegalitații nivelului de trai al populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova dupa urmatorii indicatori: marimea și structura veniturilor disponibile și a cheltuielilor de consum; marimea salariului și a pensiei medii lunare; nivelul și structura populației sarace dupa mediul de reședința. Evaluarea inegalitații condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale in funcție de asigurare cu locuințe și utilitați comunale; asigurare cu obiecte de folosința indelungata; acces la asistența medicala și educație de calitate; consumul de alimente pe cap de locuitor. Elaborarea masurilor de reducere a inegalitații nivelului și condițiilor de trai ale populației urbane și rurale din Republica Moldova.