Cercetări demografice
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Item The Active Ageing Index in the Republic of Moldova, 2020(INCE, 2021) Buciuceanu-Vrabie, MarianaIn 2020, the Active Ageing Index (AAI) for the Republic of Moldova scored 28.7 points out of 100, registering a slight increase compared with the first estimates of the Index made in 2016 (27.1 points). However, the general situation of the population improved modestly – over the past five years less than 1/3 of the human potential aged 55+ is enabled and has opportunities to have an active and healthy ageing.Item Inclusion of youth not in employment, education or training (neet youth)(2017) Crismaru, Mariana; Gagauz, Olga; Buciuceanu-Vrabie, MarianaThe access to education and employment for young people is a priority and, at the same time, one of the main concern of Moldova’s authorities, given that there are still certain difficulties in integrating young people into the education system and labour market, which causes a low valorisation of youth potential. Traditional indicators that describe the labour force and its participation in the labour market (activity and inactivity rate, employment, unemployment) do not provide complete and adequate data for assessing the situation of young people on the labour market. To better capture the situation of youth, especially their inactivity and vulnerability on the labour market, both international organizations and local institutional actors and researchers are increasingly using the concept of NEET youth. Although there are several definitions of the NEET youth concept, the most commonly used is the definition implemented by Eurostat – young people aged 15–24 (extended to age groups 15–29, 15–19, 20–24 and 25–29 years), who are not integrated into any form of employment, education or training.Item Analysis of labour migration profile in the Republic of Moldova(Performantica, 2022) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaThe present article reflects the results of the research on the causes contributing to labour migration flows both at national and regional level, as given issue is relevant for the Republic of Moldova as a donor country of labour force. The economic and social infrastructure are modified through structural reforms, the promotion of market mechanisms, the decline and ageing of population, that affected the development of the regions, including local labour markets, and reduced the opportunities for economically active population to be involved in labour market. Factors such as low wages, the risk of unemployment and poverty intensified of migration processes in search of work abroad. In this context, research was carried out on factors determining the labour migration and their impact on local labour markets. The research was carried out on the basis of official statistics on labour market and labour migration, as well as departmental data in given field. As a result of the research, the principal findings on specifics of development the migration flows in the regional aspect, their impact on the development of national and local labour markets, the challenges of migration on public policies were highlighted and elaborated some proposals on increasing the employment rate with taking into account to reducing social tension and decreasing the flow of working age population as labour migrants abroad, stabilizing the national and local labour market. This article was elaborated within the framework the Scientific Project ―Migration, Demographic Changes and Policies of Stabilization the Situation‖, registeredin theStateRegisterofprojectsin the fieldofscienceand innovationofthe Republicof Moldovawith thecode 20.80009.0807.21 of the State Program (2020-2023).Item Особенности и тенденции брачности в Молдове(INCE, 2022) Chivaciuc, AnaThe article analyzes the changes in the marriage rate in Moldova over the study period. It was revealed that against the background of a general trend of gradual decline, a significant drop in the number of marriages was recorded in 2020, which is largely due to measures to counter the spread of COVID-19 infection. Along with this, other factors are considered that have an adverse effect on the dynamics of marriages in the republic. The dynamics of marriage rates against the background of a general decline in the population and an unfavorable age-sex structure of young generations entering childbearing age is becoming one of the characteristics that explain the expected low fertility in the future. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilization policies”.Item Abordări metodologice privind calculul pierderilor economice din dizabilitatea populației în Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Cotelnic, ValentinaIn this article, the author tried to investigate/analyze one of the most sensitive problems that exist in the Republic of Moldova, related to social protection, integration and inclusion in society of people with disabilities. The aim being to study the degree of their social inclusion in society, in particular, by supporting employment. Based on the analysis carried out, the author develop methodology for evaluating and determining the size of economic losses, because of the disability of the adult population. The scientific novelty consists in the development of economic methods, in order to estimate the economic losses from the disability of the population of the Republic of Moldova. The methodology is based on the concept of human capital, which considers the high level of public health as one of the most important conditions for the economic and social development of the country. The economic evaluation of the losses from the disability of the country's population is an important component in making decisions in the field of health and investment policy in the social sphere, as an economic justification for the development of social programs. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilization policies”.Item Factori asociați cu nivelul scăzut al fertilității în Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Grigoras, EcaterinaThe article presents a multivariate analysis of the groups of factors with an impact on the number of children born in the Republic of Moldova. Based on the Gender and Generations Survey conducted in Moldova in 2020, a total sample of 2705 women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to at least one child was selected. Using the binomial logistic regression method, the determinant factors of low levels of fertility were identified. The results showed that the place of residence, level of education, ever using contraceptives, age at first marriage, age at first birth, woman's work status, marital status of women, and the ideal number of children, were significant determinants of the number of children ever born. Women's sociodemographic characteristics showed a low contribution in the prediction of having two children and more: the urban place of residence, higher level of education, late age of mother at first birth, late age at first marriage, the ideal number of children in the family (up to two children), unmarried women, employed women. Orientation of policies to support couples in general and women, in particular, is necessary by combining the activity of raising children with a professional one, women with higher education, families with one child and employed women, and formation of public opinion regarding family planning. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilization policies”.Item Modele de inegalitate educațională în rândul tinerilor din Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Crismaru, MarianaThe paper investigates the patterns of multiple advantages and disadvantages of parents’ educational attainment as well as place of residence and their impact on children`s education level by using data from Generations and Gender Survey (2020). There were employed correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results show that parents’ educational attainment is a much stronger predictor than the age or gender of an individual’s education level. Young people (25-35 years) whose parents have general secondary education (gymnasium) or less are about twice as likely to complete similarly secondary education as those who have at least one parent who has higher education. Place of residence were also shown to have significant influences young people’s level of education. Rural area of residence meant less years in education and urban area signified more years of in education, both for male and female. It is concluded that parents’ educational level (less educated) and place of living (rural) are factors that determine the unequal opportunities among young people and they face difficulties to get rid of the disadvantages of family and environment background. Persistence of these issues over the years in our country denote that social policy do not reach their goal to break cycles of intergenerational disadvantage and thus to prevent the development of a self-replicating underclass. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilisation policies”.Item Oportunităţi și impedimente în procesul de imigrare a străinilor pentru studii în instituţiile de învăţământ superior din în Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Poalelungi, OlgaThe article discusses the changes in the higher education system in the Republic of Moldova from the perspective of the current demographic transformations and the optimization of the cost-efficiency ratio with the quality of the studies offered. The need to promote systemic policies regarding immigration for studies is emphasized, recognizing it as a factor in attracting investments in educational institutions. The analysis is based on the preliminary results of the qualitative study on the opportunities to increase the potential of higher education institutions in the Republic of Moldova to attract foreign students, the existing possibilities, and the main impediments to developing this process. The study included 15 universities in the country where interviews were conducted with experts, and staff responsible for working with foreign students. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilisation policies”.Item Migrația internațională în Republica Moldova în profil teritorial(INCE, 2022) Tabac, TatianaThe paper focuses on analyzing the general and territorial trends of international migration in the period 2014-2020. The paper is based on revised data on the population with usual residence and international migration. The methodological approach consists of the estimation and analysis of specific indicators of migration: net migration and net migration rate according to age, gender, residence, and administrative-territorial units (districts). The results showed that the total net migration in 2014-2020 constituted -228.8 thousand people, which means a decrease of the population by -8.3% during this period. The population decrease in urban areas was -9.8%, and in rural areas was -7.3%. The analysis also revealed the active involvement of the rural female population in migration processes. Negative migration is particularly high at ages 0-39, while positive migration is seen in the population aged 40 and over. Positive migration is a specific phenomenon in rural areas. The population of the municipality of Chisinau decreased by -86.1 thousand or -12.6% during this period. The largest population decrease due to migration was recorded in the districts of Ialoveni -15.9%, Cantemir -14.9% and Cahul -13.4%. Four districts had a positive increase due to migration: Ocnița (0.3%), Rîșcani (0.3%), Dondușeni (0.2%), and UTA Găgăuzia (0.1%). The paper concludes that the prevention of future demographic disasters can be achieved through urgent measures to improve the socioeconomic situation and improve the quality of life of the population. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilization policies”.Item Migrația internă în Moldova: schimbări în profil teritorial(INCE, 2022) Stirba, VitalieInternal migration is one of the main demographic processes that determine changes in the population structure in the districts of Moldova. The intensity of internal migration is determined by multiple social and economic factors and the migratory potential of the regions of migrants’ origin. This study analyses internal migration in Moldova at the district level using the National Bureau of Statistics data on permanent residence changes. The results show that the internal migration flows are dominated by the young and working-age population between the age of 15-50, who are mainly involved in rural-urban migration. Among the overall number of internal migrants, females exceed males, which creates a disparity in the sex ratio at certain ages in certain localities. Internal migrants are primarily attracted by the main cities, such as Chisinau and Balti, and by the districts in the vicinity of the capital city. As a result, the population increase in these cities is mainly due to internal migration. The article was elaborated within the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 „Migration, demographic changes, and situation stabilisation policies”.