International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization" = Conferinţa Internaţională Ştiinţifico-Practică „Creşterea economică în condiţiile globalizării”
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Item Сrop production efficiency in Ukraine under climate change conditions(INCE, ASEM, 2024) Prokopenko, KaterynaCrop production in Ukraine is a significant component of agriculture and the national economy. It holds a prominent position in world markets and impacts global food security. Plant products contribute substantially to the country's export potential, influencing the balance of payments. The impact of climate change on global agriculture is a proven fact, and despite increasing countermeasures, its effects continue to intensify. Crop production is particularly vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions. While the severity of climate change in Ukraine is less than in some other regions the country’s role in ensuring global food security places it under significant scrutiny regarding potential changes in crop production. The aim of the article is to assess potential changes in the efficiency of crop production, specifically the dynamics of yield for major agricultural crops, in response to longterm changes in agro-climatic conditions, and their impact on the production potential. Research methods include general scientific and specialized approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, theoretical (descriptive analysis) and empirical (review of official documentation and legislative acts), comparative analysis, analytical alignment of time series by the least squares method and others statistical methods. In Ukraine’s agro-climatic zones, the impact of climatic factors on productivity varies significantly. In the Steppe zone, which is increasingly becoming a zone of risky agriculture, climatic factors have had the greatest impact. In contrast, the Polissia zone has seen significant productivity increases primarily due to agrotechnical factors. Therefore, to maintain the efficiency of crop production under changing climatic conditions, it is essential to adapt the components of crop-growing agrotechnologies. This underscores the need to implement national programs of observing and studying climate change, and to leverage the best domestic practices in land use and agricultural technologies aimed at adapting to climate change and mitigating its negative consequences.Item Managementul cunoștințelor ca factor al performanței și competitivității: de la educația profesională spre întreprinderile agricole(INCE, 2022) Prisacaru, Veronica; Sevciuc, TatianaÎn condițiile extrem de flexibile în care funcționează întreprinderile agricole la etapa actuală, marcate profund de schimbări de natură tehnologică, provocări climatice, întețirea concurenței, modificarea mentalității resurselor umane, tendințe noi în valorile promovate la nivel global etc., reziliența unităților economice și, respectiv, sustenabilitatea lor depinde decisiv de calitatea promovării managementului cunoștințelor. Instituțiilor de învățământ profesional cu profil agrar, la rândul său, le revine un rol important în formarea competențelor de cunoaștere, acestea constituind un element indispensabil al managementului cunoștințelor. Identificarea direcțiilor de sporire a calității competențelor de cunoaștere ca finalitate a formării profesionale inițiale reprezintă o premisă importantă pentru a asigura o eficacitate mai înaltă transferului competențelor respective în performanțe ale întreprinderilor. Sub acest raport, distingem actualitatea prezentei teme. Cercetarea a avut ca obiective de bază: diagnosticarea problemelor aferente formării competențelor de cunoaștere în instituțiile de educație profesională cu profil agrar și transpunerii în performanțe ale unităților agricole; identificarea și propunerea unor direcții de acțiune în vederea raționalizării procesului de formare a competențelor de către prestatorii educației profesionale cu profil agrar. În vederea atingerii obiectivelor asumate, au fost utilizate următoarele instrumente de cercetare: sinteza abordărilor conceptuale ale subiectului cercetat; observarea; sondajul de opinie; generalizarea; deducția; formularea de concluzii și raționamente. În rezultatul cercetării, au fost identificate o serie de probleme aferente proiectării și formării competențelor de cunoaștere în cadrul educației profesionale cu profil agrar și formulate recomandări orientate spre sporirea eficacității procesului educațional și, respectiv, sporirea calității forței de muncă furnizate economiei naționale. In the extremely flexible conditions in which agricultural enterprises operate at the current stage, deeply marked by technological changes, climate challenges, intensified competition, changing human resource mentality, new trends in globally promoted values, etc., the economic units` resilience and, respectively, their sustainability depend decisively on the quality of the knowledge management. Agricultural vocational education institutions, in their turn, have an important role in developing the knowledge skills, which are an indispensable element of knowledge management. Identification of the directions to increase the quality of knowledge skills as a vocational education`s outcome represents an important premise to ensure higher effectiveness of the transfer of those skills into enterprises` performances. Based on the above mentioned, we distinguish the actuality of the research. The research basic objectives were the following: diagnosis of the problems related to the development of the knowledge skills within agricultural vocational education institutions as well as regarding their transposition into performance of the agricultural units; identifying and proposing directions for action in order to streamline the process of skills` development by respective providers of vocational education. In order to achieve the assumed objectives, the following research tools were used: the synthesis of the conceptual approaches of the subject concerned; observation; opinion survey; generalization; deduction; formulating conclusions and reasoning. As a research result, a number of issues related to the knowledge skills design and development within the agricultural vocational education were identified and recommendations were made in order to increase the effectiveness of the educational process and, respectively, to increase the quality of the labor provided to the national economy.Item Impactul pandemiei Covid-19 asupra calității vieții populației din Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Timofti, Elena; Sarban, CristinaEconomia anului 2020 a fost puternic marcată de pandemia de COVID-19, care în martie a ajuns și în Republica Moldova. Pentru a stopa răspândirea infecției, guvernul de la Chișinău, la fel ca și guvernele din celelalte state ale lumii, a venit cu o serie de restricții de circulație și activități antreprenoriale, fapt care a avut efecte destul de negative pentru întreaga populație. Scopul cercetărilor este de a analiza impactul acestei pandemii asupra populației, punând în evidență necesitățile vitale, dar și felul în care aceasta a răspuns noilor provocări și schimbări în sfera socială și economică. Cercetările au fost realizate în baza datelor furnizate de Biroul Național de Statistică prin metode de analiză, sinteză, tabelară și grafică. În baza rezultatelor obținute s-a constatat că impactul crizei cauzate de acest virus reprezintă o amenințare pentru economia națională și pentru nivelul de trai al cetățenilor. În timpul acestei crize sanitare și acestor situații precare, este necesar să se protejeze nu numai sectoarele critice ale economiei, dar și locurile de muncă și angajații. The economy of 2020 was strongly marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which in March also reached the Republic of Moldova. In order to stop the spread of the infection, the government of Chisinau, as well as the governments in other countries of the world, came up with a series of traffic restrictions and entrepreneurial activities, which had quite negative effects for the entire population. The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of this pandemic on the population, highlighting the vital needs, but also how it responded to new challenges and changes in the social and economic sphere. The research was based on data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics through methods of analysis, synthesis, tabulation and graphics. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the effects of the crisis caused by this virus pose a threat to the national economy and to the standard of living of the citizens. During this health crisis and these precarious situations, it is necessary to protect not only the critical sectors of the economy, but also jobs and workers.Item Studiu privind perspectivele fermelor mici din România în condiţiile globalizării(INCE, 2015) Lapusan, Alexandru; Ursu, AnaFermele mici sunt întâlnite de-a lungul timpului sub diverse denumiri: gospodărie ţărănescă, fermă de subzistenţă şi în ultimul timp, fermă de semi-subzistenţă. În studiu se analizează fermele mici din România, după criterii de mărime fizică, economică (SO) şi ipotetic, după gradul de participare pe piaţă. Studiul are ca scop identificarea perspectivelor fermelor mici din România în condiţiile globalizării. În acest context se propun două scenarii de analiză: scenariul 1, ia în calcul ipoteza că se vor continua măsurile existente de susţinere a agriculturii, măsuri care nu se aplică diferenţiat pe tipuri de ferme. Se va urmări efectul sprijinului prin prisma dimensiunii, viabilităţii economice, greutăţilor finaciare şi tehnologice, incapacităţii de a face faţă concurenţei, etc. În scenariul 2, se ia în calcul ipoteza aplicării unor programe de reformă politică şi economică care să consolideze sistemul agricol în faţă concurenţei şi implicit să prevină efectele negative ale globalizării. Scenariul este dezirabil în măsura în care programele de susţinere includ asocierea fermelor mici, accesul la creditare/garantarea creditelor, stimularea creşterii dimensiunii economice, înfiinţarea de pieţe locale, plăţi pentru beneficiile de mediu aduse, etc. Finalitatea vizată constă în crearea unor forme de asociere/cooperare care să poată fi actori viabili pe piaţă în condiţiile globalizării.Item Development of the agri-food sector in the Republic of Moldova(INCE, 2015) Stratan, Alexandru; Moroz, Victor; Ignat, Anatolie; Lucasenco, EugeniaThe agri-food sector of the Republic of Moldova has undergone significant changes in the past decades. In the context of Moldova's European aspirations, the modernization of the agri-food sector must comply with European patterns and trends that will allow the agri-food industry to adapt to the requirements of international markets, especially in terms of safety and quality of food. The trade policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova at the current stage is focused on geographical diversification of the agri-food exports, primarily to reduce the risks caused by widespread non-tariff measures to protect domestic markets. The main drivers of the integration processes are private business operators and traders. However, the efficiency of the newly emerged food value chains is still low. This investigation was done in the framework of the FP7 project “AGRICISTRADE” using the official statistical data, qualitative and quantitative studies and other relevant publications. In this paper the importance and the most recent changes of the agti-food sector of the Republic of Moldova were demonstrated, the main impediments were analyzed and proposals to foster the agri-food sector development were provided.Item Services in the agricultural production. Comparative structural levels(IEFS, 2012) Alecu, Iulian; Constantin, MarianIn this article reveals the dynamic level of services in agriculture in Romania. Nature and characteristics, benefit the whole agricultural system and its components fall within the rural characteristics and reflected in a particular form of consumption. Refer to specific services in agriculture, evolutionary differences ↔ client supplier relations in agriculture, interdependence and performance boundaries manifested in agricultural service benefits etc. Interdependence and boundaries manifested in the structure of agriculture service benefits, points out that the same need can be satisfied in several ways, with different services. It is one of the main reasons for the turnover of the services of Romanian agriculture, comparative levels recorded differently from other economic activities, but also to other sectors of production (plant and animal). By using the annual indices of growth last six years, with coefficients of elasticity for agricultural activity services are considered essential issues raised in the future development of rural areas in Romania.Item Прямые выплаты: особенности финансирования и возможности нового перераспределения в странах ЕС после 2013 г.(IEFS, 2012) Волков, Артем; Мельникене, РасаThe paper examines the provision of financial support to farmers. The work includes an overview of the common agricultural policy, its main goals, developmental stages, direct payments’ as a key element of the emergence of support funding and funding issues caused by the EU enlargement. The paper describes the European Commission's proposal for a financial envelope for direct payments across the EU after 2013. The presenting and analyzing of the results of financial envelope' for the direct payments redistribution, which based on cost of production in agriculture across EU, and their comparison to the Commission's proposal results is the biggest highlight of this article.Item Statistici de comerț exterior și evaluări ale impactului globalizarii în agricultură: cazul Romaniei(IEFS, 2012) Rusali, MirelaTrade is a major dimension of globalization process; GATT/WTO negotiations, gave impulse to the expanding of this process by reducing tariff barriers and opening markets. However, globalization can attract chain socio-economic imbalances, affecting more the small economies or sectors with high external dependence. This aspect also concerns agriculture, for which the sustainability improvement in the global market become central objective of strengthening production capacity. In this context, the research aims to evaluate the impact of globalization on Romanian food products performance, focusing on the effects of confrontation the external competitiveness post-accession to the European Union. The methodological approach includes analysis of Romania's foreign trade flows, tracking the changes induced in the model and structure of the agri-food trade based on indicators of external competitiveness, by groups of products. The results reflect the main positive and negative aspects highlighted by the existing opportunities of the products with export expressed potential and sensitive areas affected by net imports. The research places in the scientific approaches of the international trade domain, having the objective to identify potentials, needs and perspectives for improvement of national performance of the agricultural sector facing foreign competition.Item Abordări teoretice privind intensificarea producerii producției agricole(IEFS, 2012) Timofti, Elena; Memet, Diana; Popa, DanielaThe purpose of this paper is to research theoretical approaches on increasing production of agricultural production. Increasing the amount of agricultural products can be achieved by extending or enhancing, or both simultaneously. Also argue that these two processes to increase agricultural production under extensive and intensive not act independently. Interdependence between them was determined that mechanization, one of the basic factors of intensification, expansion of cultivated area allowed on pastures and meadows, which were originally used for animal feed. Extensive agricultural development path was determined to increase production in the early stages of development of agriculture. But, and are now attracted aside new land. Extensive agricultural development path was determined to increase production in the early stages of development of agriculture. But, and are now attracted aside new land. To ensure food security worldwide, there is another solution than increasing production of agricultural production.Item Evoluţia indicatorilor de agro-mediu în regiunea Sud-Muntenia(IEFS, 2012) Chetroiu, Rodica; Iurchevici, LidiaThe South - Muntenia Region is situated in the South-East of Romania, bordering at North with Central Region, at East with South – East Region, at South with Bulgaria, the limit being given by the natural boundary - the Danube river, and at West with South – West Region. The South - Muntenia Region is composed of: seven counties (Arges, Calarasi, Dambovita, Ialomita, Giurgiu, Prahova and Teleorman), 16 municipalities, 32 cities and 519 communes with 2019 villages. The agricultural area, mainly concentrated in the southern counties, holds 71.1% of the total region area, of which 80.2% is arable land. The work studies the evolution, during 2000 - 2010, of the following agri-environment indicators specific of the agriculture in the South - Muntenia Region: irrigated area, surface with drainage works, area furnished for land improvement and soil erosion prevention, surface with fertilizers on, quantity of fertilizers, surface with pesticides on, quantity of pesticides. The agricultural area furnished for irrigation, the land prepared with drainage works and area furnished for land improvement and soil erosion prevention were maintained almost constant during the analyzed period. The drainage work marks a leap in 2001 compared to 2000, remaining at that value thereafter. Have increased quantities of chemical fertilizers and the natural ones marked a decrease both overall and in the private sector.