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Item The efficiency of the use of human resources and the investment in human capital in pre-university education(INCE, 2022) Andone, LuminitaThe investments in the human capital represents an essential condition for the economic growth and competitiveness. Despite the numerous “reforms” from the last two decades, the Romanian educational system still requires significant efforts to generate competitive resources for the labour market. This comes as a result because of the “reforms” that were more focused on the organisational dimension of the system and less on the need to restructure the substance of education and angling it towards the needs of the labour market. Increasing the human capital of employees induces the investments productivity gains and competitive advantages. The human capital is very important in a society based on knowledge, both as a factor of production and an intelligent carrier of knowledge and as a consumer of the goods of the knowledge-based economy. Educational capital, health status and income, at aggregate and individual levels, are interrelated, so human capital and economic resources are part of the sphere of their development level. The level of human development in terms of education is statistically represented by two indicators: literacy; degree of education. Literacy represents the percentage of the population age 15 or above, who have completed a school or who can read and write without having completed a school. Degree of education represents the number of students enrolled in a level of education, whether or not they belong to the appropriate age group, as a percentage of the total population in that age group. Investiţiile în capitalul uman reprezintă o condiţie esenţială pentru creşterea şi competitivitatea economică. Sistemul educaţional românesc, în ciuda multiplelor „reforme” din ultimele două decenii, necesită în continuare eforturi semnificative pentru a genera resurse competitive pentru piaţa muncii, deoarece „reformele” au vizat mai mult dimensiunea organizatorică a sistemului şi mai puţin necesitatea de restructurare a substanţei actului educaţional şi orientarea acestuia către nevoile pieţei muncii. Creşterea capitalului uman al angajaţilor induce investiţiilor sporuri de productivitate şi avantaje competitive. Capitalul uman este foarte important în societatea bazată pe cunoaştere, atât ca factor de producţie şi suport inteligent al cunoaşterii, cât şi în postura sa de consumator de bunuri ale economiei bazate pe cunoaştere. Capitalul educaţional, starea de sănătate şi veniturile, la nivel global şi individual, sunt intercorelate, astfel capitalul uman şi resursele economice sunt parte a sferei dezvoltării nivelului lor. Nivelul dezvoltării umane din punct de vedere al instruirii este reprezentat statistic prin doi indicatori: gradul de alfabetizare; gradul de cuprindere în învăţământ. Gradul de alfabetizare reprezintă ponderea persoanelor care au absolvit o şcoală sau care ştiu să scrie şi să citească fără a avea o şcoală absolvită, din totalul populaţiei de 15 ani şi peste. Gradul de cuprindere în învăţământ reprezintă numărul de elevi înscrişi într-un nivel de învăţământ, indiferent dacă aparţin sau nu grupei de vârstă corespunzătoare nivelului, ca procent în totalul populaţiei din grupa de vârstă respectivă. Constatările noastre sunt că în România sunt vizibile efectele pozitive ale reformei din sistemul de învăţământ, iar efectele negative pun în discuţie egalitatea şanselor de acces la educaţie (număr insuficient de cadre didactice calificate, gradul de degradare a clădirilor). Cadrele didactice reprezintă factorul esenţial în formarea forţei de muncă şi sunt principalii actori în diminuarea efectelor negative ale reformei din sistemul de învăţământ.Item Impactul pandemiei Covid-19 asupra calității vieții populației din Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Timofti, Elena; Sarban, CristinaEconomia anului 2020 a fost puternic marcată de pandemia de COVID-19, care în martie a ajuns și în Republica Moldova. Pentru a stopa răspândirea infecției, guvernul de la Chișinău, la fel ca și guvernele din celelalte state ale lumii, a venit cu o serie de restricții de circulație și activități antreprenoriale, fapt care a avut efecte destul de negative pentru întreaga populație. Scopul cercetărilor este de a analiza impactul acestei pandemii asupra populației, punând în evidență necesitățile vitale, dar și felul în care aceasta a răspuns noilor provocări și schimbări în sfera socială și economică. Cercetările au fost realizate în baza datelor furnizate de Biroul Național de Statistică prin metode de analiză, sinteză, tabelară și grafică. În baza rezultatelor obținute s-a constatat că impactul crizei cauzate de acest virus reprezintă o amenințare pentru economia națională și pentru nivelul de trai al cetățenilor. În timpul acestei crize sanitare și acestor situații precare, este necesar să se protejeze nu numai sectoarele critice ale economiei, dar și locurile de muncă și angajații. The economy of 2020 was strongly marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which in March also reached the Republic of Moldova. In order to stop the spread of the infection, the government of Chisinau, as well as the governments in other countries of the world, came up with a series of traffic restrictions and entrepreneurial activities, which had quite negative effects for the entire population. The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of this pandemic on the population, highlighting the vital needs, but also how it responded to new challenges and changes in the social and economic sphere. The research was based on data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics through methods of analysis, synthesis, tabulation and graphics. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the effects of the crisis caused by this virus pose a threat to the national economy and to the standard of living of the citizens. During this health crisis and these precarious situations, it is necessary to protect not only the critical sectors of the economy, but also jobs and workers.Item The relationship between unemployment, nairu and investment. Microfundations for incomplete nominal adjustment(INCE, 2022) Vintu, DenisThis paper proposes a simple method to estimate a macro shock-specific Okun elasticity: it measures by how much the unemployment rate falls over a certain horizon when output increases by one percentage point over the same horizon because of a specific macroeconomic shock. Inference is based on simple instrumental variable regressions of cumulative unemployment on cumulative output. Using data for the Republic of Moldova I consider government spending, tax, monetary policy, financial, technology, and oil shocks. We obtain eight key results: • At medium horizons (2-3 years), Okun elasticities are largely stable across different kinds of shocks. • At shorter horizons, differences are more pronounced. The speed at which unemployment adjusts relative to output depends on the shock driving fluctuations. This highlights the importance to consider longer horizons. Otherwise, one could incorrectly conclude that the elasticity breaks down for some cycles. • The elasticity is larger for financial shocks. Importantly, it is larger than for monetary policy and government spending shocks. • The largest elasticity is for technological shocks followed by oil shocks. • An increase/decrease in unemployment by (0.14 p.p.) caused an increase/ decrease in GDP by 1 p.p. period 2011--2015. • An increase/decrease in unemployment by (1.79 p.p.) caused an increase/ decrease in money supply by 1 p.p. period 2011--2015. • An increase/decrease in unemployment by (0.17 p.p.) caused an increase/ decrease in GDP by 1 p.p. period 2007--2011. • An increase/decrease in unemployment by (0.06 p.p.) caused an increase/ decrease in money supply by 1 p.p. period 2007--2011.Item Brandul de țară ca instrument de intensificare a atractivității investiționale a țării(INCE, 2022) Furdui, VeronicaThe global competition among countries for attracting foreign direct investments has become acute. Under the conditions of incertitude and high risks, a growing number of countries have undertaken different proactive programs and have adopted investment strategies. To enhance their international competitiveness among investors, governments have focused on a variety of approaches, including nation branding. This paper explores the influence of the brand image of a nation on its ability to attract foreign direct investments. The results confirmed that successful country promotion abroad and continuous activities inside of the country can improve the investment environment causing higher foreign direct investment inflows.Item Analiza trioului investiţii-subvenţii-costuri sub aspectul dezvoltării globale a economiei regenerabilelor(INCE, 2015) Timus, Angela; Nasalciuc, IrinaMarii actori economici mondiali duc o politică din ce in ce mai agresivă care vizează cucerirea, influienţa şi subminarea teritoriilor de interes energetico-strategic, urmărind tot mai mult întărirea poziţiilor cheie care să asigure securitatea energetică naţională, securitatea informaţională, economică şi tehnologică. Securitatea energetică este esenţială dezvoltării economico-sociale, iar industria regenerabilelor pare a participa activ la soluţionarea acestei probleme de o manieră durabilă şi eficientă. Astfel, studiul dezvăluie o nouă viziune asupra interconexiunii Investiţii- Subvenţii-Costuri în contextul evolutiv al pieţei regenerabilelor la nivel mondial şi vine cu o reevaluare a acestui segment aflat în ascensiune continuă. Lucrarea are obiectivul de a contura trendurile identificate pe acest sector şi readucerea în agenda publicului larg necesitatea vitală în dezvoltarea regenerabilelor şi respectiv energiei inteligente pentru a asigura progresarea sustenabilă a economiei, conştientizarea şi asumarea de către societate şi autorităţi a responsabilităţii sociale în direcţia încurajării şi stimulării dezvoltării industriei regenerabilelor. În acest scop în demers sunt aplicate diferite metode sistemice de cercetare, inclusiv abstractizarea ştiinţifcă, deducţia, analiza şi sinteza şi analizei cantitative pentru a scoate în evidenţă situaţia actuală a regenerabilelor la nivel mondial.Item Investiții, inovare, calitate – trinomul succesului întreprinderilor de panificație sau riscul pentru sănătatea generațiilor viitoare(INCE, 2023) Dascaliuc, DanielaInvestments in bakery enterprises represent a pressing necessity, especially those in the small and medium categories. It leads to the provision of basic food products for the country's population, including the socially vulnerable, as well as ensuring the entity's economic viability. On the other hand, the investments directly involve the innovations associated with production of machinery and equipment, the innovations in the technological process and the recipe of the bakery products. It must ensure in the end the quality of the products and the safety of the population's health. Innovations in the field of public food do not always assume high quality of the finished product, a fact that multiplies the risk of the population getting sick and of rejuvenating cancer and llergies. In order to reduce these negative consequences on the health of the population and the birth of healthier generations, it is proposed to involve public authorities and governing institutions in tightening the control of food safety and reducing to the maximum the additives and preservatives in the production of essential food products, with regard to bread products. The main objective proposed in the research is the development of the mechanism for supervising innovations in the field of baking in the Republic of Moldova. The scientific methods used are: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, history and logic. The obtained results will reflect the degree of security of the quality of the bakery products and the economic efficiency of the bakery enterprises.Item Din experiența internațională a managementului sistemului financiar(IEFS, 2012) Certan, IonXX centuries marked the world economy by an intense process of globalization that impose an intensification of trade and investment flows among countries. Therefor the economy of countries that access the international arena must be prepared to survive in a taft competition in order to benefit from this opportunities. Thus competitiveness becomes an important aim to be achieved and main target for economies of developed countries as well as developing ones. Meanwhile efficient development of national economy of any country is highly dependent of access to financial markets, including international ones, that underline the necessity of financial system globalization. The increase of capital markets turnover that caused necessity of adjustment of national financial system to international ones, remain much bigger and important, even the process of globalization generated a big growth of goods and services transactions or labor force movement among the countries.Item Инвестиционная привлекательность виноградарства Украины в условиях развития земельных отношений(IEFS, 2012) Топов, А. Г.The need for investment in vineyard industry and existing programs of its development in the future are discussed. The change of investment attractiveness of viticulture in the further development of land relations is analysed. The conclusions about the agricultural land sale moratorium lifting effects are given.Item Reforme și politici în economia Republicii Moldova(IEFS, 2012) Certan, Simion; Certan, IonRepublic of Moldova, since independence, decided to consolidate its plase among the democratic nations and open to reform economy in order to integrate it in european and international circuit as well as in the process of globalization. Reform of national economy was orientated towards substitution of an old, outdated and almost collapsed socioeconomic system by one capable to ensure the continued progress in society. Thus this reform could be done through revercing the ratio between state-owned and private property, reduction or even excusion of state intervention in economy, establishment and development of market economy tools and instruments. Unfortunatelly the concept adopted for implementation was designd as is form scratch that does not consider ongoing changes, local particularities and specifics. Therefor it caused loses in time and money in almost all branches of national economy and led to growth of discrepancy among them and related to neighborhood ones. The proposed essay consider a sintez of reforms evolution and economic policies efects, free trade and concurence, fiscal and investment policies applied in national economy, as well as their ajustment to best practicies and market economy requirements.Item Împrumutul şi creditul bancar în circuitul financiar din economia naţională(IEFS, 2011) Certan, IonNowadays Republic of Moldova makes efforts to reform its economy. The starting point for the reconstruction of national economy is foundation and development of a finance system based on modern and efficient principles and mechanisms. The article considers one of the main directions in development from the current situation within the sources of financing like as credit as their present and future microfinance system. This article considers the ways of formation and distribution of financial sources.