Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://rses.ince.md/handle/123456789/1827
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item Sporirea competitivității în sectorul agricol prin tehnologie: de la tradiții spre Agricultura 4.0(INCE, ASEM, 2024) Cojocaru, AdrianThe growth of the population on Earth, increasing demand for affordable food, rising costs of production factors, labour shortage in farming; all these lead to huge transformations in the agricultural sector. Artificial intelligence is increasingly applied in precision agriculture and the robotization of farming process. Similarly, block-chain technologies contribute towards increasing the efficiency of agribusiness management and ensuring the products traceability. The purpose of this research is to identify the main trends at the global level in the field of technologies that have a decisive impact on increasing agricultural productivity and competitiveness, as well as to understand how much the Republic of Moldova is integrated in these trends. The research methodology was focused on the analysis of the works regarding the impact of technologies on agricultural competitiveness, indepth interviews with agricultural producers and technology suppliers from the Republic of Moldova, as well as the study of online sources showing how the respective technologies are implemented. Although the Republic of Moldova is not among the pioneers in terms of the development of intelligent solutions for agriculture, there are solid premises in the country for an accelerated transition to Agriculture 4.0.Item Exportul produselor agroalimentare a Republicii Moldova la etapa actuală: provocări și oportunități(INCE, ASEM, 2024) Chistruga, BorisThis article examines the external influences that affect the export of agri-food products of the Republic of Moldova in a constantly changing global economic context. In recent decades, the Republic of Moldova has made significant progress in diversifying its economy, and exports are an essential engine of this development. With a rich agricultural sector and varied natural resources, the country has a solid base for expanding foreign markets. In this context, the article analyzes the main groups of agri-food products with export potential, products of the vegetable kingdom and the food industry, highlighting how each of them contributes to economic growth. The proposed article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to the export of agri-food products, involving both the regulations of state authorities and the political and economic approaches of international organizations, providing a comprehensive assessment of the factors that influence this economic activity. Opportunities are identified that can be exploited to improve export performance, diversify markets and adopt advanced processing and preservation technologies. In the same context, the intentions of the Republic of Moldova to participate in supply chains and the global and regional commercial landscape are seen, highlighting the adaptability of the agri-food sector to these unexpected challenges. Through an analysis of recent export statistics, the products with the greatest growth potential are identified and strategies are proposed for a more competitive position on the international agri-food market, transforming current challenges into sustainable opportunities for the country's economic development.Item Competitivitatea comerțului agroalimentar a Republicii Moldova: perspective globale și regionale(INCE, ASEM, 2024) Cimpoies, Liliana; Lucasenco, Eugenia; Cojocaru, AdrianThe paper analyzes the competitiveness of the agri-food trade of the Republic of Moldova, considering global and regional perspectives, with a particular focus on trade relations with the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The study evaluates the performance of Moldova's agrifood sector using indicators such as the trade coverage ratio and the Lafay index to determine Moldova's comparative advantages in this sector. The research results show that the Republic of Moldova has recorded significant growth in agri-food exports, especially to the European market, while exports to the CIS have declined. Moldova demonstrates considerable competitive advantages in the cereals, oilseeds, alcoholic beverages, and vinegar sectors, but faces disadvantages in the animal products, dairy, and fish sectors. These findings highlight the need for strategic interventions to strengthen the competitiveness of these sectors and to support the sustainable development of Moldova's agri-food sector.Item Managementul globalizării – proces impredictibil(INCE, 2022) Udrescu, Mircea; Coderie, ConstantinGlobalizarea a fost și este, în același timp, un proces şi o stare de fapt. A fost și este un proces, deoarece a cunoscut și cunoaște adânci prefaceri cantitative şi calitative de natură politică și economică în timp, şi a fost și este o stare de fapt, deoarece a permis și permite acţiuni de comparare a elementelor constitutive pe momente evolutive. Dincolo de rațiunile sale politice, globalizarea se putea justifica prin două componente majore: evoluția tehnologică şi evoluția piețelor de schimb. Astfel, este de înțeles de ce globalizarea nu produce aceleaşi niveluri de satisfacţie, deoarece nici cunoaşterea tehnică şi ştiinţifică nu este uniformă. Ca urmare, venitul pe cap de locuitor al ţărilor cuprinse de valurile globalizării nu are neapărat tendința de a converge spre un echilibru, deoarece ţările nu au dobândit cunoștințe tehnice în aceeași măsură, dar se poate stabili o legătură între progresele productivității endogene şi influenţele externe. Dacă un bun se produce de către o ţară mai bine situată economic, produsul respectiv devine mai bun pentru piaţa globală atât din punctul de vedere al calităţii, cât şi al costurilor. Se dau drept exemple în acest sens microprocesoarele, automobilele, avioanele, telefoanele mobile etc., bunuri a căror calitate a crescut mereu, dar ale căror preţuri au scăzut pe măsură ce a crescut experienţa. În mod implacabil, marea provocare pentru secolul în care am intrat, din punctul de vedere al globalizării, era crearea instituţiilor care să pună în valoare promisiunile globalizării şi să evite crizele mondiale de proporţii. Dar politica de excepționalitate a SUA, prin boicotarea înțelegerilor care au adus globalizarea la rang de ideologie politică și economică, a făcut ca navigația globalizării să eșueze lamentabil. Globalizarea democratică a eșuat, fiind răpusă de pretențiile de excepționalitate hegemonică cerute de către SUA. Globalization was and is, at the same time, a process and a State of affairs. It was and is a process, because he knew and knows deep qualitative and quantitative prefaceri, political and economic time, and it was and is a State of affairs, since it enabled and allows for comparison of the actions on the constituent moments evolutionary. Beyond his political reasons, globalization could be justified by the two major components: the evolution of technology and developments in the exchange markets. Thus, it is understandable why globalization doesn't produce the same levels of satisfaction, because neither the technical and scientific knowledge is not uniform. As a result, the income per capita of the countries covered by the waves of globalization does not necessarily tend to converge towards a balance, because countries have not acquired technical knowledge in the same manner, but it is possible to establish a link between progress endogenous productivity and external influences. If a good is produced by a country better situated economically, the product gets better for both the overall market in terms of quality and cost. They give as examples in this regard, automobiles, aircraft microprocessors, mobile phones, etc., goods whose quality has increased, but whose prices have declined as increased experience. Relentlessly, the great challenge for the century in which we entered, from the point of view of globalization was creating institutions that highlight the promises of globalization and avoid crises of world proportions. But the US policy of excepționalitate, by boycotting the understandings that brought globalization to political and economic ideology, has made passage of globalization to fail miserably. Democratic globalization failed, being răpusă by the hegemonic pretensions of excepționalitate required by US.Item Trade with agri-food products on international markets: opportunities and risks for Moldova(INCE, 2022) Cimpoies, Liliana; Sarbu, Olga;The aim of this paper is to analyze the trade advantages and/or disadvantages of Moldova’s agricultural and food products on international markets. The paper is based on statistical data analysis regarding agri-food foreign trade by using the aggregations HS 01-24 according to the Combined Nomenclature of Goods. The examined time series refer to 2010-2019. In order to assess the competitiveness of agri-food products on international markets, trade indicators as Trade Balance Index (TBI), Lafay index and Relative Trade Advantages (RTA) were calculated. According to the obtained results, Moldova has trade advantages for some commodities as oil seeds and oleaginous plants, cereals, beverages, edible fruits and nuts, animal or vegetable fats and oils, preparations of vegetables. Scopul lucrării este analiza avantajelor și/sau dezavantajelor comerțului cu produse agroalimentare al Republicii Moldova pe piețele internaționale. Studiul se bazează pe analiza datelor statistice aferente comerțului internaționale pe secțiuni armonizate 01-24 în perioada anilor 2010-2019. Pentru estimarea competitivității produselor agroalimentare au fost utilizați mai mulți indicatori ca Indicele balanței comerciale (IBT), indicele Lafay, indicele avantajelor comerciale relative (RTA) etc. Conform rezultatelor obținute, Republica Moldova are poziții comerciale avantajoase pe piețele globale pentru comerțul cu semințe și fructe oleaginoase, cereale, băuturi, fructe comestibile și nuci, grăsimi și uleiuri de origine vegetală, preparate din legume și fructe etc.Item Contribuția inovațiilor la creșterea economică și la îmbunătățirea competitivității naționale(INCE, 2022) Baran, TatianaActualmente, activitatea de inovare a devenit un imperativ extrem de important al politicilor tuturor ţărilor înrolate în edificarea societăţii bazate pe cunoaştere. Fiind catalizatorul creșterii economice, cercetarea și inovarea, se identifică ca generator de soluții pentru depășirea provocărilor de orice gen. În esență, inovarea este încercarea de a crea produse și procese noi sau îmbunătățite. Scopul acestui studiu este de a arăta dovezi empirice privind legătura dintre inovare și transformarea şi dezvoltarea economică. În acest sens, considerăm inovarea ca fiind cea mai importantă componentă a motorului creșterii economice pe termen lung. Studiul nostru ia în considerare o serie de proxy-uri pentru a măsura inovarea, cum ar fi cheltuielile cu C&D, brevetele de invenție sau numărul cercetătorilor, precum și a titlurilor de protecție. Rezultatele cercetării noastre vin să confirme literatura de specialitate existentă potrivit căreia inovarea are o contribuție semnificativă la îmbunătățirea competitivității naționale și creșterea economică iar decalajul dintre economiile țărilor dezvoltate poate fi redus prin investiții în inovare. At present, innovation activity has become an imperative of extreme importance for the policy of all countries involved in edification of the knowledge-based society. Being considered as catalyst for economic growth, research and innovation, it is also recognized to be a generator of solutions to overcome any kind of challenges. In essence, innovation is the attempt to create new or improved products and processes. The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding the connection between innovation and economic transformation and development. In this regard, we consider innovation to be the most important component of the engine of long-term growth. Our study considers a range of proxies in order to measure innovation, such as R&D spending, patents or number of researchers, as well as titles of protection. The results of our research come to confirm the existing literature according to which innovation has a significant contribution to the improvement of the national competitiveness and economic growth and the gap between the economies of developed countries may be decreased by investing in innovation.Item Implementation of the principles of a green economy in the regions of Belarus: theoretical basis and methodological approaches(INCE, 2022) Lytvynchuk, AnnaArticolul prezintă abordări metodologice pentru implementarea principiilor economiei «verzi». Subiectul cercetării este economia «verde», instrument important pentru asigurarea dezvoltării durabile a securității țării, având ca scop creșterea bunăstării populației și a justiției sociale. Scopul – fundamentarea științifică și abordările metodologice privind tranziția economiei Republicii Belarus la principiile unei economii «verzi». Metode de cercetare – abordare dialectică, metoda de analiză sistemică, comparativă. S-au luat în considerare abordările metodologice ale implementării principiilor economiei «verzi» pentru a asigura o dezvoltare durabilă, inclusiv esența și specificul conceptului de economie «verde», principiile și condițiile pentru tranziția la o economie «verde», amploarea sectorului «verde» al economiei mondiale. Separat, se evidențiază tranziția Republicii Belarus către calea dezvoltării «verzi», luând în considerare factorii constrângători și contribuabili, documentele oficiale adoptate de organele de stat (programe, strategii și «Planul național de acțiune pentru dezvoltarea Economiei verde în Republica Belarus până în 2020»). Sunt propuse abordări metodologice de evaluare a competitivității regiunilor Republicii Belarus, luând în considerare principiile economiei «verzi», se notează avantajele și direcțiile lor pentru cercetări suplimentare. В статье представлены методические подходы к реализации принципов «зеленой» экономики. Предмет исследования – «зеленая» экономика как важный инструмент обеспечения устойчивого развития безопасности страны, направленный на рост благосостояния населения и социальную справедливость. Цель – научное обоснование формирования методических подходов к переходу экономики Республики Беларусь на принципы «зеленой» экономики. Методы исследования – диалектический подход, системный, метод сравнительного анализа. Рассмотрены методические подходы реализации принципов «зеленой» экономики для обеспечения устойчивого развития, включающие сущность и специфику понятия «зеленая» экономика, принципы и условия перехода на «зеленую» экономику, масштабы «зеленого» сектора мировой экономики. Отдельно выделен переход Республики Беларусь на путь «зеленого» развития с учетом сдерживающих и способствующих факторов, принятые государственными органами официальные документы (программы, стратегии и «Национальный план действий по развитию «зеленой» экономики в Республике Беларусь до 2020 г.»). Предложены методические подходы к оценке конкурентоспособности регионов Республики Беларусь с учетом принципов «зеленой» экономики, отмечены их преимущества и направления дальнейших исследований. The article presents methodological approaches to the implementation of the principles of of the «green» economy. The subject of the research is the «green» economy as an important tool for ensuring sustainable development of the country's security, aimed at increasing the well-being of the population and social justice. Purpose – scientific substantiation of the formation of methodological approaches to the transition of the economy of the Republic of Belarus to the principles of a «green» economy. Research methods – dialectical approach, systemic, comparative analysis method. Considered are methodological approaches to the implementation of the principles of «green» economy to ensure sustainable development, including the essence and specifics of the concept of «green» economy, principles and conditions for the transition to a «green» economy, the scale of the «green» sector of the world economy. Separately, the transition of the Republic of Belarus to the path of «green» development is highlighted, taking into account the constraining and contributing factors, official documents adopted by state bodies (programs, strategies and the «National Action Plan for the Development of a Green Economy in the Republic of Belarus until 2020»). Methodological approaches to assessing the competitiveness of the regions of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the principles of the «green» economy, are proposed, their advantages and directions for further research are noted.Item Human capital use and job evolution in the transition to a new socioeconomic reality(INCE, 2023) Huk, LarisaThe importance of the topic. Crisis periods of economic development are characterized by stagnation, growing inequality, social instability and loss of human capital. Improving the living standards of the population and protecting it from possible risks arising from instability in the financial and economic or socio-political situation is an urgent task of public policy for the government. The priorities of short-term and long-term transformation of the labour market are analyzed to determine the direction of effective development. The article discusses the evolution of jobs and employment conditions in the new socioeconomic reality. New risks are on the agenda today. One of the most important challenges has been the reduction of employment or its transformation. Opening up new ideas and expanding employment opportunities are relevant levers in the adaptation strategies of employers and employees. Strategic imperatives for the development of all labour market actors in conditions of instability should include the issue of choosing the optimal models of human capital. In these conditions, the issues related to the need to respond flexibly to turbulence of both social and economic nature become particularly relevant. Purpose: To outline the strategic directions of selecting models of human capital use in the conditions of labour market crisis in the transition to a new socio-economic reality. Research methods: system analysis, factor and comparative analysis, structural and functional analysis, method of statistical groupings, hierarchy analysis, expert evaluations and other methods. Results: Measures that can be taken by public authorities for a more effective use of human capital in the formation of socioeconomic policy in the crisis of instability are proposed.Item Analysis of the competitiveness of the European Union in the current global geopolitical and geoeconomic context(INCE, 2023) Iacob, Corneliu-GeorgeIn the analysis of the contemporary international environment, geoeconomics and geopolitics have a key role in understanding the trends recorded at the level of the world economy in terms of the dynamics of power centers and current reconfigurations, as well as in understanding the behavior of relevant actors in the geopolitical field. In a multipolar world, the European Union represents a pole of power that, through its actions, can significantly influence the balance of power. The various scenarios of the evolution of the world economy under the influence of a number of risk factors influence, to varying degrees, the competitiveness of the European Union. Competitiveness and productivity have been at the heart of European Union policy for decades. Faced with successive recent crises, the European Union has adopted common and coordinated response measures. The launch on June 20, 2023 of the European Strategy for Economic Security represents a concrete form of response of the European Union to the current instability present in global supply chains and, at the same time, represents a strategic repositioning for the future. The paper aims to analyze the developments in terms of the competitiveness of the European Union and, at the same time, to understand how the European Union’s approach to economic security will shape future relations in terms of geopolitics and geoeconomics at the international and regional level. The research methodology uses the logical analysis method, the systemic method, the comparative method, the historical method, and the situation analysis used in geopolitical theory.Item Проблемы повышения эффективности и конкурентоспособности АПК Казахстана(IEFS, 2011) Молдашев, А. Б.