3. Centrul de Cercetări Demografice
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Item Основные вызовы демографической безопасности: сходства и различия в Молдове и Беларуси(Știința, 2010) Палади, Г. А.; Шахотько, Л. П.; Гагауз, Ольга; Бучучану-Врабие, М.; Боброва, А. Г.; Пенина, О. А.; Петракова, Ю. Н.; Поалелунжь, О. М.; Шахотько, Д. В.В монографии представлена динамика основных демографических процессов (рождаемость, смертность, миграция) в Молдове и Беларуси, определены общие тенденции для обеих стран, а также особенности демографического развития. Разработаны некоторые рекомендации по управлению демографическими процессами.Item Evaluarea impactului îmbătrânirii demografice: abordări, principii(IEFS, 2011) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, Svetlana; Birca, IulitaÎmbătrânirea populaţiei, ca un proces natural, face o schimbare în structura pe vârste a populaţiei. Îmbătrânirea populaţiei este liniştită complicată şi se modifică în conformitate cu dezvoltarea societăţii umane. Procesul de îmbătrânire este studiat de diferite științe, inclusiv demografie, medicină, economie, sociologie, geografie, ecologie, genetica și altele. Necesitatea de aplicare a abordărilor metodologice specifice şi principii este importantă pentru evaluarea impactului de interrelații. Acest articol propune abordări complexe şi sistemice, ca fiind cele mai acceptabile pentru evaluarea impactului îmbătrânirii populaţiei asupra dezvoltării sociale şi economice a ţării, precum şi a principiilor utilizate în acest caz.Item Rolul parental & rolul profesional : oportunitati de echilibrare pentru femeia contemporana("Tipogr. Sirius", 2011) Gagauz, Olga; Buciuceanu-Vrabie, MarianaPrezenta lucrare pune în actualitate probleme ce reflectă poziţia femeii pe piaţa muncii şi îmbinarea rolurilor sale familiale şi materne. Structurată în baza unui spectru larg de date statistice şi empirice prin studiul direct al femeilor de vârstă fertilă, monografia abordează particularităţile şi schimbările actuale în comportamentul reproductiv al femeii, care a facilitat de altfel şi scăderea indicatorilor natalităţii. În lucrare sunt evaluaţi factorii determinanţi în realizarea intenţiei şi dorinţei femeii de a naşte un copil, oportunităţile de integrare profesională a femeilor din Republica Moldova la diverse etape ale vieţii familiale şi unele probleme ce apar în concilierea rolurilor parentale. O component aparte este studiul privind dinamica indicatorilor ocupaţionali, dimensiunile inactivităţii economice a femeii şi interdependenţa dintre decizia femeii de a lucra sau de a naşte un copil. Sunt evaluate serviciile de educaţie extrafamilială preşcolară din ţară şi politicile de susţinere a familiei cu copii ca o necesitate în concilierea rolurilor sociale ale femeii.Item Aspectul social al situaţiei bătrînilor în Republica Moldova : probleme şi soluţii(IEFS, 2012) Savelieva, Galina; Tomceac, Ana; Taragan, RaisaResearch in this areashows that, in the Republic of Moldova(RM) and structural changesof the aging population poses a challenge to increasing demand for social services and cont ributes to accelerate the modernization of social service delivery policies. In RM growing number of people with advanced age, every seventh person in the age of 60 years and older was in a 2010 people aged 80 years and more the fact that prioritizes care problem. Social services are a part of the social assistance system includesnot only care institutions and policy measures envisaged to prevent marginalization and social exclusion of older people.Item Familia contemporană între tradiţional şi modern("Tipogr. Sirius", 2012) Gagauz, OlgaÎn monografie este abordată problema transformării familiei şi căsătoriei, impactul acesteia asupra dinamicii indicatorilor demografici. În baza studiului socio-demografic sunt analizate aspecte ce ţin de modificarea structurii familiale, dinamica nuptialităţii şi divortialităţii, atât la nivel naţional, cât şi la nivel european. O atenţie deosebită este acordată cercetării natalităţii, analizei schimbărilor în cadrul transversal şi longitudinal, precum şi natalităţii extraconjugale. Sunt evidenţiaţi factorii determinanţi ai transformării familiei şi căsătoriei, realizată analiza comparativă a politicilor demografice în ţările cu natalitatea scăzută, elaborate propuneri ce ţin de politicile familiale în Republica Moldova. Se adresează specialiştilor în domeniile sociologiei şi demografiei, studenţilor, doctoranzilor şi tuturor celor preocupaţi de problemele demografice şi familiale.Item Demographic challenges and needed policies(Complexul Editorial al INCE, 2013) Gagauz, OlgaItem Nașterea copilului la vârsta adolescenței: dimensiuni și cauze ale extinderii(2013) Gagauz, Olga; Tatar, MarinaIn the present article, the problem of adolescent childbearing is examined. In Moldova, compared to other European countries, fertility rates among the adolescents are relatively high, especially in rural areas. A certain proportion of births among the adolescents happen out of marriage. An unplanned pregnancy may induce female adolescents get married, childbearing occurs in a short time after the marriage (mean protogenetic interval less than nine months). Another part of pregnancies among the adolescent end in abortion. The causes of childbearing among female adolescents are analyzed; some recommendations concerning the improvement of the situation are proposed.Item Evoluţia familiei în Republica Moldova din perspectiva celei de-a doua tranziţii demografice(IEFS, 2013) Gagauz, OlgaThe article discusses the spatial patterns in the Second Demographic Transition in the Republic of Moldova. The data show significant changes in trends affecting families, such as accelerated postponement in family formation(trends towards marriage and births at later years of life); decline of entry into marriage and spread of non-marital cohabitation; abrupt drop in births and rise in extra-marital births. The results show that the spatial pattern is mainly determined according to the regional socioeconomic situation, but the cultural characteristics have a secondary effect. In the Republic of Moldova, the changes in timing of demographic events (marriage and childbirth) occur at much slower pace compared to other countries, including those in the Central and Eastern Europe. The family formation at relatively young ages provides more space for birth planning. The beginning of the reproductive cycle in the family is relatively early, so that the couples have more time to review their reproductive plans in comparison with the Western countries, where the procreation process starts at the age of 30 years old.Item Ameliorarea calității vieții copiilor: o premisă pentru securitatea demografică a Republicii Moldova(2013) Buciuceanu-Vrabie, MarianaThe article integrates a general approach to the situation of children in the country and their living standards. It is known that a criterion to establish the level of development of a country is how well it cares for its children. Supplementing the indicators necessary of evaluation and comparability of the situation of children with other countries, is partial for Moldova. However, the quality of life of children and opportunities for sustainable development of future generation can be perceptible. In Moldova, the most acute social problem reported to children is their poverty, inequality of income and expenditures for children in rural areas, accessibility of medical and education services, behavioral risks as a result of parents’ labor migration.Item Динамика численности и возрастно-половой структуры населения Приднестровья(2013) Кивачук, АннаThe paper discusses the dynamics of the population between the two last censuses conducted in Transnistria in 1989 and 2004. The inter-censal total population estimates revealed a huge under-estimation of the official migration data. Based on the results of the 2004 census, the analysis of the population age structure is presented. Transnistria like other part of Moldova faces the process of population ageing resulted from the massive emigration of the population and a decline in fertility.Item Смертность взрослого населения в Республике Молдова(2013) Penina, OlgaBased on the 1965-2012 cause-of-death time series reconstructed for Moldova in terms of the 10 revision of the International Classification of Causes of Death, the analysis of mortality trends among the adults is presented. The special attention is paid to diseases of the circulatory system, violent deaths and diseases of the digestive system. These groups of causes of death turned out the most sensitive to the social and economic events of the 1980s and 1990s (the 1985 anti-alcohol campaign and the social and economic crisis of the 1990s) and represent the main sources of excessive adult mortality in Moldova compared to the developed countries with low mortality level.Item Unele transformări ale sistemului de pensionare în contextul îmbătrinirii în Republica Moldova(2013) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaThe process of population ageing which started from 1990-years has an irreversible nature at present. Given process is a direct threat to the demography security and stable social-economic development of the country along with the reduction of population number of the country and, particularly, employed population. The growth of pensioners number and the decrease of employed population, low retirement age in the conditions of growth of population’s life expectancy and further increase of elderly population’s numbers (according to forecasts) lower a financial stability of pension system. The evaluation of impact of demography ageing to pension system including the forecast of expenditure on pensions is performed.Item Provocări demografice şi politici necesare(Complexul Editorial al INCE, 2013) Gagauz, OlgaItem Трудовая структура населения Республики Молдова : социально-демографический анализ(Complexul Editorial, IEFS, 2013) Piscenco, MarinaHuman resources are the most important sector of the national economy. In the article, the dynamics of the working population structure of the Republic of Moldova for the period 2000 - 2012 is presented. A special attention is paid to the population structure changes and gender differences at working ages. The key determinant factors of the given processes are shown.Item Mediul rural sub incidenţa schimbărilor demografice(Tipografia AŞM, 2013) Paladi, Gheorghe; Gagauz, Olga; Buciuceanu-Vrabie, Mariana; Penina, OlgaPredominantly agrarian-character of the national economy of the Republic of Moldova defi nes a high proportion of rural population (58%). Deep socioeconomic changes in the recent decades have had a signifi cant impact on all aspects of rural populations. A complex socioeconomic situation, the absence of labour caused massive population emigration from rural areas, which had a negative impact on all the demographic processes, including nuptiality, natality, mortality etc. Considerable changes in population structure by main age groups (children, adults, elderly) have been accompanied by depopulation process in rural areas. A sharp decline in natality led to reduction in children population both in absolute and relative terms and a rise in proportion of the elderly. For many decades, the natural increase of Moldova’s population was provided mainly by the rural population, that’s why the loss of this demographic potential can have serious consequences for our country.Item Unele aspecte ale creșterii eficienței politicilor familiale(Institutul de Cercetări Juridice şi Politice al Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2013) Gagauz, Olga; Buciuceanu-Vrabie, Mariana; Tatar, MarinaThe article presents the synthesis of national survey of experts „Socio-demographic evolution of family and the necessary policies”. The research was based on qualitative method, depth individual interview of national and local experts, and completed by the analysis of official statistics and others studies in the field. The aim of the survey was to assess the experts’ knowledge and perception in the field of family policy and socio-demographic problems and their awareness of the need for correlation between the demographic changes and the policies for the sustainable development of society.Item Трудовые ресурсы населения Республики Молдова в условиях демографического старения(2013) Piscenco, Marina; Penina, OlgaThe problem of the quality of Moldovan population data for the period of Independence is arisen. Based on the census data and the proper annual population estimates, we analysed the dynamics of working age population and gave the projection till 2035 based on different hypothesis assuming the changes in pension age.Item Experienţa internaţională în domeniul promovării politicilor de ocupare a forţeie muncă în contextul îmbătrânirii demografice(Complexul Editorial, IEFS, 2013) Savelieva, Galina; Taragan, Raisa; Tomceac, AnaThe article was reviewed international experience in promoting employment policies in the context of aging workforce demographic in some EU countries and the CIS. Particular attention was paid to highlighting and analyzing the problems faced by the elderly in the labor market. It was analyzed in the generalized experience of employment, the elderly, as outlined proposals to improve the situation and their use in RM.Item Молдова на пути второго демографического перехода: структурные изменения рождаемости(2013) Gagauz, OlgaAfter the 1990s, fertility started declining in Moldova. The adjusted period total fertility rate remains at the level of 1.5 children per woman over the recent years. The youngest cohort born in 1970 year, presently almost completed its reproductive function, has a relatively high fertility rate, about two children per woman. In the mid-1990s, the Second Demographic Transition in Moldova began. Nevertheless, the Moldovan fertility still shows its traditional features like relatively high age-specific fertility rate among females aged 15-19 years of old, pre-marital conception and marriages enforced by unplanned pregnancy. However, postponement of childbearing to later ages, an increase of mean protogenetic interval, particularly among women with higher education, are manifested.Item Изменение численности и возрастно-половой структуры населения мун. Кишинэу(INCE, 2014) Chivaciuc, AnaIn the article, the current demographic situation in mun. Chisinau is analized based on the population census and vital statistics data. The dynamics of population size and major trends in population sex and age structure changes influenced by unfavorable evolution of natural movement are shown.