Statistical indicator usually resident population (pro): conceptual approaches and implementation perspectives in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

The “Usually Resident Population” (URP) indicator has become the international standard for demographic statistics, serving as a basis for public policies in migration, labor markets, education, and health. This paper examines the conceptual foundations of URP, the international and European regulatory frameworks, and the specific challenges of its implementation in the Republic of Moldova. The research relies on a comparative analysis of UN and Eurostat guidelines, national legislation, and the 2014 and 2024 census experiences. Findings highlight the advantages of URP for international comparability and evidence-based policymaking, while also revealing difficulties caused by large-scale emigration and weak administrative registers. The experience of the Republic of Moldova demonstrates that PRO can become a strategic tool in socio-economic planning, provided that administrative sources are connected and methodological harmonization is achieved with the European Statistical System.