Agriculture and rural sustainability in Romania and the Republic of Moldova: a comparative analysis

Abstract

The paper comparatively analyzes agricultural sustainability and rural modernization in Romania and the Republic of Moldova, two countries with common historical roots but distinct economic and institutional trajectories. The study uses official statistical data, international reports and specialized literature to assess differences in productivity, access to finance, resource use and implementation of modern agricultural technologies. The results highlight that Romania benefits from European support through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and is rapidly adopting sustainable practices, while the Republic of Moldova faces structural and financial limitations that affect the efficiency and sustainability of the agricultural sector. The study proposes measures to consolidate farms, digitalize processes and streamline natural resources, providing a basis for balanced rural policies.