Rolul serviciilor medicale în asigurarea echității sociale

Abstract

In the modern world, health problems are becoming increasingly acute and multifaceted. Population growth, increasing life expectancy, epidemics of infectious and chronic diseases and changes in people's lifestyles are permanent challenges for the improvement of existing health systems and objectives of European integration. The development of the health system envisages the diversification of health services and their homogenization in the EU Accession Strategy 2030. At the same time, the social and economic aspects of health care are becoming increasingly important, as the health of the nation directly affects social stability and economic development. From the research conducted, the authors realized that the role of health services in ensuring social equity is very important, considering that not every health system can realize complex health services, covering relatively all the population of the country. Data from the surveys conducted by the NBS show that in the Republic of Moldova there is a stable pattern of cooperation with the health services sector, practically unchanged in all socio-demographic categories, with deviations between services provided in urban and rural areas. The aim of the paper is to determine the factors, which reflect the structure and disharmony of health services provision, according to a number of socio-demographic characteristics (age, type of locality, level of education and income, region of residence) in the Republic of Moldova, and to argue ways to reduce these divergences. We recognize the fact that in the research attention was paid to older people in both urban and rural areas. In general, the authors are of the opinion, that the majority of people living in rural areas are less likely to seek medical care than those living in cities, especially the elderly population. Material and methods. Statistical data of WHO, NBS, annual reports of the Ministry of Health and CNAM, (2021-2023), Quality of Life Index by Country Numbeo Report, 2023, Quality of Life Index by Country Numbeo Report, 2023 were used in the context of the research. In analyzing the research we used the method of clustering, comparison, analysis of empirical information at the national level and concomitantly scientific literature, which allowed us to determine the social differences in the provision of health services. The subject of the research are the users of medical services in urban and rural areas. Results. In the field of public health at present, it has been proved that the health status of the population is directly dependent on the methods of medical service provision, speed, correctness of decision making and professionalism of medical professionals, early detection of serious diseases, compliance with vaccination protocols, etc. The system of public health financing plays a primordial role in the medical social equity of the population, well-being, health level and increase in life expectancy. The population's income is directly proportional to the number of services provided, both by the CNAM and co-payments.