Sustenabilitatea circulară a resurselor și energiei

Abstract

The paper presents in the introductory part an analysis of the need and opportunity of the circular economy. The second part addresses the energy universe in which the opportunities of mankind are abundant and attractive due to the revolution of industrial technologies. Inseparable from resources, from the preindustrial period to the present, technologies have evolved in leaps and bounds. The four great industrial revolutions are defined, found in the literature as Industry 1.0, 2.0. 3.0 and 4.0, characterized by energy metamorphosis. Two primordial chemical elements are analyzed - C and H2, which have irreversibly changed the economies and craft societies through industrialization, electrification, digitalization and interconnectivity (global cyber-energy networks), in conditions of carbonization of energy. The third part presents the concept of the Geoenergetic landscape, in which new economies and "energy smart societies" are preparing for a new leap, an industrial revolution based on hydrogen technology (hydrogenation of energy).