Interdisciplinary perspectives on vulnerability: a comparative analysis of definitions and conceptual implications

Abstract

This paper explores the concept of vulnerability from an interdisciplinary perspective, highlighting its complexity and evolving nature in academic and lexicographic contexts. Starting with the etymology of the term-literally meaning “the capacity to be wounded”- the study examines how its meaning has expanded beyond physical dimensions to encompass psychological, social, economic, legal, and ecological aspects. The comparison of definitions brings together a wide range of definitions from renowned dictionaries and academic literature, identifying the advantages and limitations of each approach. The findings show that general definitions offer clarity and versatility but often overlook contextual and causal factors. In contrast, academic definitions tend to be more comprehensive, integrating elements such as adaptive capacity, resilience, uncertainty, and affective dimensions, yet they can become overly abstract or difficult to apply in practice. A central challenge is balancing specificity with general applicability, and acknowledging both the universal nature of vulnerability and the need for targeted interventions for disadvantaged groups. The paper emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to defining vulnerability, as well as the ongoing conceptual adaptation required in response to emerging global risks and social transformations. It also stresses the essential role of context in using the term, suggesting that no single, universally valid definition exists-only formulations tailored to specific analytical, policy, or practical objectives. This study thus contributes to a nuanced understanding of a key concept in public policy, social intervention, and academic research. The paper was elaborated within the framework of the "Young researchers 2024-2025" competition project 24.80012.0807.09TC "Strengthening scientific and methodological support for reducing social vulnerability by increasing the level of financial inclusion of low-income groups" (2024-2025).