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Item Analysis of the Estimation and Impact Methodology of Tax Evasion for Industrial Entities(Springer, 2023) Sargu, Nicu; Valeeva, Yulia; Timus, Angela; Yelesin, EvgenyThe paper is focused on the phenomenon of tax evasion, its effects and ways of sizing it. The objective includes a fundamental theoretical analysis study of the methodological part focused on the indicator of fiscal pressure. In the work, the authors presented the causal links between taxation, fiscal pressure and fiscal evasion, how these phenomena are measured at the macro and micro economic level. Studying the causes and effects of tax evasion manifested at the country and organization/entity level, the researchers mentioned the financial position, financial performance and cash flows as elements to reduce tax fraud. For this, different formulas for calculating tax pressure and tax evasion have been established, presented and systematized to reduce tax pressure through the financial performance of the entity.Item Evolution of research and development expenditure at global, regional and national levels(Center for Studies in European Integration (CSEI), Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (ASEM), 2020) Railean, Veronica; Timus, AngelaCurrently, the funding system of the research sector around the world has undergone impressive structural changes. The purpose of this study is to present the evolution of research and development expenditures: total, regionally, by leading countries and in the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of global expenditures for research and development, over a period of 15 years, highlighted their doubling.Item Estimarea costurilor producţiei știinţifice rezultate din proiecte din cadrul Programului de Stat (2020-2023) din Republica Moldova(2023) Railean, Veronica; Timus, AngelaThe purpose of the study is to describe a method for estimating the investment and capitalization costs related to the scientifi c products obtained in the organizations belonging to the research sector of the Republic of Moldova. The general research methods are: offi ce research, deduction and induction, mathematical-analytical. The paper presents an analysis of the estimation of costs for scientifi c products based on strategic priorities, as well as a case study on the estimation of the capitalization costs of the scientifi c results of a project from the State Program for the years 2020-2022. The result of the research shows that depending on the strategic priority, the average cost per scientifi c result varies, and the total cost of the State Program is 39.9 thousand MDL per scientifi c result. Scopul studiului constă în descrierea metodei de estimare a costurilor de investiţii și de capitalizare aferente producţiei știinţifi ce obţinute la organizaţiile care fac parte din sectorul de cercetare din Republica Moldova. Metodele generale de cercetare sunt: cea a cercetării de birou, cea a deducţiei și inducţiei, precum și cea matematico-analitică. În lucrare sunt prezentate o analiză a estimării costurilor producţiei știinţifi ce pe priorităţi strategice, precum și un studiu de caz privind estimarea costurilor de capitalizare ale rezultatelor știinţifi ce ale unui proiect din Programul de Stat pentru anii 2020-2022. În urma cercetării se constată că, în funcţie de prioritatea strategică, costul mediu per rezultat știinţifi c variază, iar costul total pe Programul de Stat constituie 39,9 mii lei per rezultat știinţific.Item Practical considerations regarding the treasury budget of the enterprise(2017) Tirlea, Mariana Rodica; Timus, AngelaThe treasury budget belongs to the category of the company's synthesis budgets and it represents a tool for financial planning in the financial management system of cash and the financial control that illustrates the inflows and outflows. According to the legal regulations, the treasury budget of the enterprise is a compulsory budget that must be periodically drawn, respectively at financial year level, quarters, decades, semi decade, days, which reflects the accumulation and decrease of cash. Treasury budget is a management tool for forecasting. Cash management efficiency entails increasing of the receivables speed, performing payments at maturity date, in consequence the synchronization of cash flows.Item The estimation of insurance potential: methodological analysis(2017) Timus, Angela; Ungur, CristinaThe development of the insurance sector is a priority for economies around the world, especially for the emerging economies due to their capacity to engage in investment activities. Insurance markets are recognized worldwide as important financial market actors and as factors of economic growth generation. Investment possibilities are determined by impressive financial resources managed by insurance companies. In this article we would like to analyze the factors that determine insurance investment sources and present instruments for analyzing insurance companies' investment potential.Item The digitization of money - challenges and opportunities for the global economy(2017) Timofei, OlgaIn modern society the majority of existing problems and solutions are related to money. Sustainable economic development depends to a major extent on the functionality of monetary financial laws, principles, methods and monetary instruments. Given the role of money held in economy, the problem of controlling the volume of money supply and management of its circulation has been widely studied by economists and researchers all times, each time facing new economic and social realities. The recent development of digital technologies is really a major new challenge not only for society and the whole economy, but also for monetary authorities, and policy promoted by them and economic thought in general. The new digital payment systems, currencies generated by their appearance, which essentially represent something completely different from traditional coin, are innovations that could create new problems for the authorities, problems that need to be identified and resolved in a timely manner. Regardless of whether the crypto-currency is still at an early stage, its occurrence and development cannot be neglected or bounded. The paper aims at presenting digital currency, considering its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its place in the global economy.Item Role of informational technology in increasing voluntary compliance by taxpayers(”Independenţa Economică”, 2017) Iordachi, Victoria; Timus, AngelaThe primary objective of fiscal administration is to encourage, facilitate and maintain a high degree of voluntary compliance by taxpayers which will allow concentrating resources on identifying and dealing with those taxpayers who fail to fully comply with their tax obligations. At the same time, for fiscal authorities tax systems based on turnover imply a high risk of evasion because taxpayers can easily submit false data. Particularly, in case of cash transactions, the problem of detecting cases of under- declaring becomes a real challenge. In foreign practice, promotion of measures to combat tax evasion is part of a wider program to support the business environment through reduction of tax burden and encouragement of payment compliance, as well as to ensure a competitive business environment, which will be undistorted by unfair competition. To accomplish this purpose, in developed countries, tax administrations have for years been appealing for technological advances implemented in private sector. At the same time, in developing countries, the opportunities that technology offers are more elusive. This article relates some of practices used by fiscal authorities to encourage tax declaring, especially by small business and self-employed, as well as measures that are based on civic consciousness.Item The role of the inflation expectations in the monetary policy promoting("Victor Slăvescu" Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, 2017) Cociug, Victoria; Hinev, OlgaThis article reviewed the defining aspects of the inflation expectations with their repercussions on the monetary policy efficiency, being considered in the current economy a decisive channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism to the real economy. The accents were put on the typology and the determinants of inflation expectations in the context of their estimation methods. The practical research focused on the study of inflation expectations in the light of the international experience, as well as it has been formulated some reflections on the anchoring of inflation expectations in the Republic of Moldova on the nature of their compatibility with the domestic monetary policy. The analyses conducted confirm that the inflation expectations in the Republic of Moldova are considerably dependent on the transparency of the monetary policy promoted by the National Bank of Moldova, along with the National Bank of Moldova's commitment to ensuring the inflation target goal.Item The bank value estimation problem("Victor Slăvescu" Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, 2017) Cociug, Victoria; Postolache, VictoriaThis article reports to the main issues in evaluating bank costs and identifying factors have influence on. The necessity of bank evaluating may occur at various times, such during its merger or purchase, but also during reorganization or insolence sanitation of a financial institution. In such a case, the correct assessment of the bank value could lead to positive synergy effects; assessment errors might have disastrous social effects through its depositors ‗debt undervaluing. The article contains analysis of the main models of bank costs, correlated with the needs of this evaluation, and also their reporting during the evaluation of Moldova‘s bank costs in the process of selling its shares.Item New trends in fiscal stimulation evaluation(,,Victor Slăvescu” Centre For Financial And Monetary Research, 2017) Timus, Angela; Cociug, Victoria; Afteni, LauraFiscal and budgetary policy reflects the state's choice for necessary actions to be taken in order to ensure the population welfare and sustainable economic growth, naturally involving revenue mobilization and public spending. The insurance of a long-term macroeconomic growth is driven by several specific mechanisms and instruments, one representing the reduction of fiscal pressure by applying a system of tax incentives.Practically, all countries stipulate in their fiscal policies a robust set of instruments of special regimes, incentives and fiscal facilities to encourage the taxpayer to launch or consolidate his business to generate higher tax levy in the future. Such policies support sustainable economic growth, facilitate R & D-innovation, especially SMEs involved, eco-energy industries and high-value commodities, start-ups in IT, support scientific and technical progress. Applying tax incentives through their incentive function involves transferring public revenue over the next period, as a result of reducing budget funding capacity, while many researchers and experts qualify postponement of revenue with a "budget expense". In this context, we intend to study in this paper the good practices of applying tax incentives in stable economies and in those aspiring to a higher level of development to identify models for assessing their impact on the budget, and implicitly on sustainable growth. The result of these researches will also be the identification of an optimal model for assessing tax incentives in the context of the specificity of the economy of the Republic of Moldova and the formulation of recommendations on the way of its implementation in order to regulate business stimulation policies by diminishing the fiscal pressure.Item Highlights, concepts and methods in addressing the shadow economy: theoretical approach and some countries’ experience(”Independenţa Economică”, 2020) Timus, Angela; Ceban, AlexandruFrom ancient times the shadow economy has always found various ways and means to have its presence in any national economy in various forms. The development of this phenomenon leads to an economic activity parallel to the official one, which will eventually lead to the loss of control of the state authorities. The paper aims to make a general analysis of the theoretical aspects of shadow economy, being focused on concept approach, methodology of evaluation, as well as presentation of some countries’ experience in assessing the shadow economy. Taking into account that the paper has a pronounced theoretical character, the research methods are mainly focused on bibliographic research of foreign and local articles of scholars who dedicated their work to assessing the shadow economy. At the same time, a series of other scientific research methods have been used such as: the logical-abstract method, the method of comparison, the monographic method, etc. The main results are focused on development of an own definition of shadow economy by the authors and assessment of evaluation methods through their advantages and limits.Item Efficient Waste Management: Economic Aspects(2022) Timofei, OlgaAt present, waste reduction or elimination has become a serious environmental concern for most countries and a priority for companies. Waste is not only an environmental problem but also an economic loss. A prerequisite for flourishing economic activity is the efficient management of waste and other resources. The recovery of waste resources has become an industrial reality due to technological innovations in the era of raw materials shortage. Sustainable materials management goes further than ecological waste management and focuses on the efficient use of available materials. The article aims to research the waste management process, shed light on the place of waste management in promoting the circular economy, and outline positive experiences in this area by highlighting the potential benefits and economic costs of applying these practices. That could serve as an incentive to accelerate efficient waste management processes in the Republic of Moldova. Waste management benefits the environment but also increases the number of companies and jobs. The presented article discusses waste management issues and shows some current issues related to them. The paper the authors wrote within the frame of the state project 20.80009.0807.22. - Developing a mechanism for the circular economy creation in the Republic of Moldova.Item Municipal waste management financing opportunities.(2022) Iordachi, Victoria; Timus, AngelaDeveloping countries face various obstacles in proper and sustainable waste management. Their authorities cannot manage waste properly because this process requires significant financial resources. Our analysis highlighted the problems of poverty and unstable finances, more precisely, the main reason waste management does not appropriate is the lack of budgets at the local or state level. The administrations need to allocate more funds for integrated sustainable waste management to achieve better results. This article describes different options for municipal waste management projects' financing based on the experience of several selected countries. Particularly it focuses on problems and challenges of the Republic of Moldova in municipal waste sector financing. In conclusion, we gave several recommendations for improving the waste sector financing policy. Also, we underlined that it is necessary to develop a methodology for calculating tariffs. At present, the local public administration has developed those tariffs based on old regulations, which are already outdated in time and do not reflect actual costs for adequate waste management.Item International Experience of Environmental Taxes and Its Implications for the Republic of Moldova(2023) Timus, Angela; Chironachi, CorinaThеrе is a growing trend towards a grееn еconomy duе to incrеasing еnvironmеntal and climatе risks. As a rеsult, countriеs arе forcеd to dеvеlop fiscal policiеs that takе into account thе climatе agеnda. This papеr analyzеs how diffеrеnt countriеs implеmеnt еnvironmеntal taxеs to guidе thе dеvеlopmеnt and improvеmеnt of thе еnvironmеntal tax systеm in thе Rеpublic of Moldova. Thе papеr еxaminеs thе main catеgoriеs of еnvironmеntal taxеs in diffеrеnt countriеs, analyzеs thе еconomic impact of еnvironmеntal protеction basеd on forеign еxpеriеncе, and еxplorеs potеntial approachеs to еnvironmеntal tax rеform in thе Rеpublic of Moldova.Item Monetary Support and State Aid under the Pandemic Challenges in Romania: A Comparative Approach(2024) Clichici, Dorina; Dragoi, Andreea-Emanuela; Timus, AngelaThe COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly led to a severe deterioration of the global economic environment and a sharp worsening in the international financial market sentiment. Hence, the European governments adopted extraordinary monetary and state aid policies to mitigate the economic collapse and stabilise the financial markets. Romania was no exception, being significantly affected by the pandemic. Against this background, the paper aims to analyse the peculiarities of the monetary support and state aid adopted by Romania and by other EU Member States in the context of the pandemic crisis to increase the resilience of their national economies. Our main findings reveal that the monetary support provided in Romania consisted in significant liquidity injections into the financial system, and in the purchase of state securities from the secondary market. In Romania, the largest part of the total state aid was directed to SMEs from the processing industry, constructions, wholesale and retail trade, transport, and the storage sector, especially through guarantees and direct grants.Item Sustainable budgeting - building the future through smart policies(2024) Iordachi, Victoria; Timofei, OlgaIn the current era of climate change and economic challenges, the concept of sustainable budgeting has become increasingly important. Sustainable budgeting is not only about the efficient management of financial resources, but also about the balanced approach to the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In this article, we will explore the importance and impact that smart sustainable budgeting policies can have on the environment, society and economy. We will analyze the practice of foreign countries regarding ways of managing the state’s financial resources and directing them to sectors and projects that promote sustainable development and contribute to the achievement of environmental and social goals.Item Exploring Moldovan educational offerings and predicting competences in intelligent specialization domains: a comprehensive study(2024) Gribincea, Corina; Ungur, CristinaThis paper examines the challenges hindering the alignment of skills with labor market demands in Moldova. Two main issues are identified: first, the educational system’s inability to respond adequately to labor market needs, resulting in a significant disparity between required skills and those produced by educational programs. This disconnect may stem from outdated curriculum, inadequately trained specialists lacking updated knowledge, and skills relevant to contemporary industries. Second, there exists a weak strategic collaboration between key stakeholders, notably between companies and educational institutions. Insufficient collaboration hampers efforts to identify skills gaps and tailor educational offerings to meet industry requirements. The repercussions of these challenges are profound, as the shortage of qualified personnel impedes enterprise performance and necessitates the curtailment of development plans and production indicators for many employers. Addressing these issues requires concerted efforts to bridge the gap between education and industry and foster stronger partnerships between stakeholders to ensure a more responsive and effective labor market. The article was developed within the framework of 3.70105.0807.10T Project for Young Researchers “Development of new working models in the context of post-pandemic consequences and strengthening of job-specific skills for occupations and areas of smart specialization in the Republic of Moldova”.Item Determinarea modelului național de economie circulară în sectorul turism(2024) Gribincea CorinaThe transition to a circular economic model is still in its infancy, although Moldova has made significant economic progress over the past decade. Economic growth has not completely separated itself from the production of waste, and its approach remains problematic, with storage predominating, including illegal ones, at the expense of sustainable methods. Because of this, the performance in circular indicators, such as resource efficiency, ecological innovation, the ratio between waste generation and gross domestic product, waste management and recycling, is below the average of the member states of the European Union, including neighboring countries of the Republic of Moldova. The low involvement of citizens in circular economy practices in the tourism sector, such as reusing, repairing products, avoiding plastic and single-use packaging, preference for local products or those with low environmental impact, also reflects a low level of involvement in these directions. Thus, it is obvious that Moldova needs improvements on multiple levels of the circular economy, from greater efficiency in the use of resources and the integration of recycled materials in production processes to the prevention of waste generation and a more efficient management of it.Item Optimizarea gestionării, cheia succesului în implementarea economiei circulare(2023) Iordachi, VictoriaThis article explores the essential role of structure management and governance in the promotion and effective implementation of the circular economy. In the context of pressures on natural resources and environmental impact, the circular economy asserts itself as a sustainable model that aims to reduce waste, reuse resources and increase sustainability. But the success of such a transition depends critically on how this complex transformation is managed. This article highlights the importance of well-defined strategic planning that includes clear objectives and performance indicators to guide the transition process. It also addresses the need to develop a coherent legal and political framework to support circular economic practices through appropriate incentives, regulations and norms. The article concludes by highlighting the major benefits of effective governance in the circular economy: resource optimization, waste reduction, innovation stimulation, positive environmental impact, job creation and increased economic competitiveness. Therefore, it is emphasized that proper structure management and governance are the fundamental pillars for a successful transition to the circular economy, benefiting the environment, the economy and society as a whole.Item Infrastructura de colectare a deșeurilor în contextul dezvoltării durabile(Artifex, 2022) Popa, Viorica; Popa, NicolaeThe concept of sustainable development implies the implementation of some mechanisms and policies, which allow both economic development and the preservation of the state of the environment at the same time, capturing both the increase in the degree of responsibility and the increase in economic efficiency in the sense of minimizing the costs of reducing the damage suffered by the environment due to consumption human. Thus, the EU has become a global promoter of sustainable development. The environmental policy of the European Union is becoming more and more comprehensive and closely correlated with the other European community policies that can be correlated with those of the Republic of Moldova. Currently, the problem of waste manifests itself more and more acutely, due to the increase in its quantity and diversity, as well as its increasingly pronounced negative impact on the environment. The urban and industrial development of localities, as well as the general increase in the standard of living of the population, leads to the production of increasingly large amounts of waste. Actions to reduce these impacts will be essential, as the amounts generated by waste are growing faster than any other environmental pollutant, especially in developing regions, or in rural areas where waste represents a larger share of global emissions. In this article, the theoreticalpractical aspects regarding the organization of separate waste collection in the Republic of Moldova are analyzed. The research was conducted within the State Program 20.80009.0807.22 Developing the circular economy mechanism for the Republic of Moldova.