Economie socială
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Item Accesibilitatea economică a populaţiei Republicii Moldova la serviciile locativ-comunale(Artifex, 2023) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article substantiates the expediency of using indicators related to household consumer spending when assessing the economic accessibility of housing and communal services. The central place among them is occupied by the indicator “share of expenses for payment of housing and communal services in total household consumer spending”. Its analysis led to the conclusion that in 2019-2021 the economic accessibility of the population of the Republic of Moldova to housing and communal services increased, but in 2022 it significantly decreased. To compare the accessibility of housing and communal services for the population of the Republic of Moldova and foreign countries, the statistical data were brought to comparable values. It is shown that in no other EU country when paying for utilities there is such a big burden on household budgets as in the Republic of Moldova. The main reason for this situation is the establishment of high tariffs for water supply and sewerage, as well as for the use of energy resources.Item Оценка доступа населения Республики Молдова к системам водоснабжения и канализации(2023) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe article considers one of the acute social problems of the Republic of Moldova – the access of the country's population to high-quality drinking water and the sewerage system. It is shown that there is unequal access to these systems both in the territorial aspect and depending on the level of well-being of the population. This causes an objective need to expand the access of the population to the water supply and sewerage systems as a factor in raising the standard of living and improving the living conditions of the country's population.Item Ensuring the sustainability of the pension system in the Republic of Moldova(Performantica, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaThe functioning of the pension system from Republic of Moldova is negatively affected by factors inherent in the pension system itself (inadequate pension level, high pressure of financing the pension system, its financial instability), on the one hand, and external factors of the pension system (among which is the intensified process of population aging), on the other hand, which poses risks to the sustainable functioning of the pension system, which should maintain an adequate level of pensions for their beneficiaries, with an acceptable burden of funding pension payments. The purpose of the study is to develop the main directions for ensuring the sustainability of the pension system from Republic of Moldova. Research methods: monographic, analogies, comparison, statistics, etc. Research results. Specific measures have been developed to improve the pension system from Republic of Moldova, which aim to: a) increase the income from pensions and other sources and, on this basis, reduce the risk of poverty of pensioners; b) ensure through pension a certain compensation of pre-retirement income; c) strengthen the financial sustainability of the pension system, which implies its ability to fulfill its long- term obligations.Item Evaluarea experienței mondiale de ocupare a persoanelor vârstnice pe piața muncii și oportunitatea de utilizare a acesteia în Republica Moldova(INCE, 2022) Heghea, EcaterinaIn an age of frequent and rapid changes in all areas of life, against the background of the demographic aging of the population and the lack of qualified labor force, it is not surprising that in many countries they began to dynamically promote active aging policies and the integration of pensioners into the labor force, thus trying to overcome the problems of social exclusion of elderly people and the increasing financial burden on the budget of states associated with ension payments. In this context, it seems necessary to consider the global experience of employment of pensioners in the labor market, as well as the possibilities of its application in the Republic of Moldova. The methods of analysis, comparison, analogy and statistical analysis were used in the article. Results of the study: the experience of integration of pensioners in the labor market was considered, as well as the possibility of its application in the Republic of Moldova. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.Item Eficienţa social-economică a sistemului de pensii din Republica Moldova (analiza comparativă)(Artifex, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaIn the Republic of Moldova, the problem of low socio-economic efficiency of the pension system is very acute. It needs to be refined by applying innovative tools. For their elaboration, there is an objective need to analyze the main indicators of the socio-economic efficiency of the pension system of the Republic of Moldova and their comparison with other countries, which is the objective of this article. The following methods were used in the research: monographic, analogies, comparison, statistics, etc. The analysis of the socio-economic efficiency of the pension system in the Republic of Moldova was conducted based on the criteria developed by the World Bank: the adequacy of the size of pensions, the feasibility of the funding burden, sustainability and long-term adaptability. Using these criteria, the following indicators were calculated: the ratio between the size of the pension and the subsistence minimum value, the purchasing power of the pension, the replacement rate and the sizes of the pensions as a percentage of GDP. They were compared with the corresponding indicators in OECD countries. It is shown that pensioners in the Republic of Moldova are in a more unfavorable situation than in other countries. The conclusion was reached about the low socio-economic efficiency of the pension system of the Republic of Moldova and its poor adaptation to the imminent demographic challenges.Item Măsurarea inegalității: metodologia calculului și evaluarea principalilor indicatori ai inegalității veniturilor populației Republicii Moldova(INCE, 2022) Rojco, Anatolii; Heghea, EcaterinaMajoritatea cercetarilor științifice dedicate inegalitații veniturilor populației utilizeaza setul standard de indicatori. De regula, aceștia fiind coeficientul Gini și coeficientul quintilic / decilic al inegalitații. Totodata, alți indicatori adesea nu sunt luați in considerare, ceea ce restrange semnificativ posibilitatea unei evaluari obiective a inegalitații și elaborarea masurilor care vizeaza reducerea nivelului de inegalitate a veniturilor populației. Scopul cercetarii consta in examinarea indicatorilor utilizați in practica mondiala in masurarea inegalitații, de a analiza metodologia de calcul al acestora și de a evalua nivelul negalitații veniturilor populației Republicii Moldova. Metode de cercetare: comparației, analogiilor, monografica, statistica, de analiza și sinteza. Rezultatele cercetarii. A fost efectuata analiza comparativa a principalilor indicatori ai inegalitații, metodologia lor de calcul, au fost analizate avantajele și dezavantajele acestora. Pe aceasta baza, se concluzioneaza ca fiecare indicator caracterizeaza doar un aspect al inegalitații. Prin urmare, pentru o evaluare complexa a inegalitații, este necesar de a utiliza un sistem complex de indicatori. Cu toate acestea, in practica, datorita capacitaților statistice limitate ale Republicii Moldova, evaluarea inegalitații veniturilor populației se efectueaza utilizand doar unii indicatori.