Cercetări demografice

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.employment

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    Cadrul de drept privind protecţia muncii şi insecuritatea sănătăţii în muncă
    (Artifex, 2023) Cotelnic, Valentina
    Through this article, we aim to bring clarity to the legal provisions regarding work accidents as well as the steps to be followed in the event of such situations. As well as the cost in terms of lost lives and suffering to workers and their families, accidents affect business and society as a whole. Fewer accidents mean fewer sick leaves, which result in lower costs and less disruption of the production process. It also saves employers the expense of recruiting and training new staff, and can cut the cost of early retirement and insurance payouts. To prevent accidents occurring in the workplace, employers should establish a safety management system that incorporates risk assessment and monitoring procedures. Prin prezentul articol ne propunem să aducem claritate asupra prevederilor legale privind accidentele de muncă, precum și pașii care trebuie urmați în cazul confruntării cu astfel de situații. Accidentele de muncă afectează mediul de afaceri și societatea în întregime, manifestate prin afectarea sănătății sau pierderea de vieți omenești și cauzarea de suferințe salariaților și membrilor familiilor lor. Mai puține accidente de muncă implică mai puține costuri pentru concediile medicale și perturbări ale activității obișnuite a unităților, evitarea cheltuielilor pentru recrutarea șiformarea noului personal. Pentru a preveni accidentele la locul de muncă, angajatorii ar trebui să stabilească un sistem de management al siguranței care să includă proceduri de evaluare a riscurilor.
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    Analysis of labour migration profile in the Republic of Moldova
    (Performantica, 2022) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, Svetlana
    The present article reflects the results of the research on the causes contributing to labour migration flows both at national and regional level, as given issue is relevant for the Republic of Moldova as a donor country of labour force. The economic and social infrastructure are modified through structural reforms, the promotion of market mechanisms, the decline and ageing of population, that affected the development of the regions, including local labour markets, and reduced the opportunities for economically active population to be involved in labour market. Factors such as low wages, the risk of unemployment and poverty intensified of migration processes in search of work abroad. In this context, research was carried out on factors determining the labour migration and their impact on local labour markets. The research was carried out on the basis of official statistics on labour market and labour migration, as well as departmental data in given field. As a result of the research, the principal findings on specifics of development the migration flows in the regional aspect, their impact on the development of national and local labour markets, the challenges of migration on public policies were highlighted and elaborated some proposals on increasing the employment rate with taking into account to reducing social tension and decreasing the flow of working age population as labour migrants abroad, stabilizing the national and local labour market. This article was elaborated within the framework the Scientific Project ―Migration, Demographic Changes and Policies of Stabilization the Situation‖, registeredin theStateRegisterofprojectsin the fieldofscienceand innovationofthe Republicof Moldovawith thecode 20.80009.0807.21 of the State Program (2020-2023).
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    Politicile în domeniul incluziunii sociale a persoanelor cu dizabilităţi
    (Artifex, 2022) Cotelnic, Valentina
    The current public policies in the field of social protection are aimed at solving the problems of people with disabilities, which aim at their integration and inclusion in society, in particular, by supporting employment, but also to continue connecting the Moldovan policy system to the European one. Ensuring the right to work of people with disabilities is a priority for the Republic of Moldova, mentioned in the public strategic documents on employment in general and in the policy documents in the field of social inclusion and are based on a series of arguments stipulated in international and national legal provisions. The author of the article aimed to study the degree of social inclusion of people with disabilities in the Republic of Moldova, the level of implementation of these policies at the national level, as well as studying the impact of social policies on social inclusion of people with disabilities. At the same time, the assessment of the employment level of persons with disabilities was carried out.
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    Analysis of correlation between employment and the income of the working age population in the Republic of Moldova
    (Performantica, 2020) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, Svetlana
    This article presents the results of an analysis of the influence of social factors on the employment level of working age population in the Republic of Moldova. Possible threats to the competitiveness of labour market depending on social factors are identified. One of the determining factors of a social nature is the cost of labour force (the price of labour force), which is expressed in the form of wages on labour market. At present, in the Republic of Moldova, wages have lost its economic, social, reproductive, stimulating and regulatory functions and, ultimately, do not reflect the real cost of labour force. The remuneration of labour of hiring workers in the budgetary and real sectors of economy is formed on the basis of two main legislative acts. In the budget sector, the value of minimum wage is the basis for the formation of wages established in the country and the increase in its amount is connected with additional financial resources in the budget, which is not always possible and practically the tariff scale remain unchanged on during of several years, that is, the budget sector is characterized by inertia and stability of the formation process of remuneration of labour. In the real sector of economy, the amount of wages are more mobile, revised annually depending on growth of prices and the productivity of public labour. As a consequence, the difference between the remuneration of labour of the real and budget sectors constitute over 11%. As wages are one of the main sources of income compared with other possibilities of receiving it by various categories of population, the evaluation of its receipt is performed depending on professional status, as well as the analysis of the standard of living based on a comparison of incomes with some existing social standards. As a result of research of the income level of various categories of population, it was concluded that wages do not stimulate employment, especially for young specialists, but, on the contrary, contribute to polarization, stratification of society, social inequality, and low level of wages are one of the most acute problems in the Republic of Moldova, which is in the top of the countries with the lowest remuneration of labour in the region. Low amount of wages are one of the factors of the lack of qualified personnel in labour market, especially in sphere of the provision of services, in the production sector and construction, which affects the quality of the work done and services which determines the decrease in demand and public opinion on them, as well as one of the reasons for the outflow of labour force outside the country in search of a work place (labour migration). As a result of the implementation of ineffective social policies, in particular in the field of remuneration of labour, the phenomenon of poverty takes place in the Republic of Moldova as the consequence of the inequality in the remuneration of labour of working age population in accordance with the real cost of labour force, part of the employed labour force is included in the category of social risks of being poor in labour market. The low level of remuneration of labour is also one of the motives for labour migration, the research of which was performed on the basis of the comparative analysis of statistical data on the number of the resident population and the population with usual residence, which made it possible to obtain a more real situation on labour market, taking into account the absence of more than a year of population. Summing up the research of labour market challenges to ongoing social policies, proposals to improve their effectiveness were elaborated, including in the field of improving forms and systems of remuneration of labour and further liberalization of labour relations, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, the necessity for a deeper research of the correlation between the two aspects of “employment - poverty”, including evaluation the impact and remove of factors that are determine in the existence of the phenomenon of “poverty” of the working age population and the justification of social policies to overcome given situation.
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    Влияние конъюнктуры рынка труда на экономическую безопасность Республики Молдова
    (Foxtrot, 2021) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, Svetlana
    Piața muncii este unul dintre principalii factori ai securitații economice. Scopul studiului consta in analiza particularitațile piețelor muncii regionale pe baza unei evaluari a schimbarilor conjuncturii, a impactului acestora asupra securitații economice și a echilibrului pieței naționale a muncii. Diagnosticul modificarilor in principalii indicatori statistici și a celor calculați (secundari) ai pieței muncii in dinamica s-a efectuat pe baza metodelor de analiza și sinteza, grafice, de calcule proprii de catre autorii unor indicatori specifici. Pe baza rezultatelor obținute s-au elaborat concluzii cu privire la dezvoltarea piețelor regionale de munca, prezența amenințarilor la adresa securitații economice, precum și masuri pentru imbunatațirea acestei situații in Republica Moldova.
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    Factorii de influență asupra mobilității forței de muncă a Republicii Moldova
    (INCE, 2020) Tomceac, Ana
    The topicality of the researched topic consists in the need to address the phenomenon of labor mobility in the Republic of Moldova. Geographical mobility generates socio-economic problems that have a direct influence on the national and regional economy. The purpose of the research was to study and analyse foreign experience on approaches to the issue and to present a brief retrospective of the situation in the Republic of Moldova. The main research methods used: logic, analysis and synthesis, systemic, generalization, statistical data analysis, etc. The informational, theoretical and methodological basis of the research served the data of the National Bureau of Statistics. The influencing factors on labor mobility in the Republic of Moldova were highlighted. The research findings show that economic development, employment opportunities and labor mobility are economically, demographically and socially interconnected. The main problems are: population aging, declining employment and education. An important factor influencing labor mobility is regional development. Economically underdeveloped regions have low employment opportunities, which cause social inequality and the development of the labor market in the region.
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    Provocările pieței muncii în municipiul Chișinău
    (INCE, 2020) Cotelnic, Valentina
    În această lucrare este efectuată analiza indicatorilor principali ce caracterizează situația actuală a pieței forței de muncă, accentul fiind pus pe mun. Chișinău, utilizând datele statistice ale Biroului Naţional de Statistică al Republicii Moldova şi ale Agenţiei Naţionale pentru Ocuparea Forței de Muncă (ANOFM). Obiectivul principal al studiului este de a determina consecințele și provocările pieţei muncii din mun. Chișinău. În acest context, a fost efectuată analiza măsurilor active de stimulare a ocupării forței de muncă, orientate întru diminuarea numărului șomerilor aflați în evidență la agenția teritorială de ocupare a forței de muncă din mun. Chișinău. În urma cercetării au fost identificați factorii care fac dificilă ocuparea locurilor de muncă libere înregistrate la agenție. Rezultatele obținute se referă la impactul măsurilor active asupra ocupării forței de muncă, surplusul de locuri vacante neocupate înregistrate, precum și la unele rezerve de sporire a ponderii ocupării șomerilor. Concluzionând necesitatea îmbunătățirii situației pe piața muncii din mun. Chișinău, au fost elaborate propuneri de perfecționare a măsurilor active având în vedere cerințele pieței muncii actuale.