Cercetări demografice
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Item Analysis of labour migration profile in the Republic of Moldova(Performantica, 2022) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaThe present article reflects the results of the research on the causes contributing to labour migration flows both at national and regional level, as given issue is relevant for the Republic of Moldova as a donor country of labour force. The economic and social infrastructure are modified through structural reforms, the promotion of market mechanisms, the decline and ageing of population, that affected the development of the regions, including local labour markets, and reduced the opportunities for economically active population to be involved in labour market. Factors such as low wages, the risk of unemployment and poverty intensified of migration processes in search of work abroad. In this context, research was carried out on factors determining the labour migration and their impact on local labour markets. The research was carried out on the basis of official statistics on labour market and labour migration, as well as departmental data in given field. As a result of the research, the principal findings on specifics of development the migration flows in the regional aspect, their impact on the development of national and local labour markets, the challenges of migration on public policies were highlighted and elaborated some proposals on increasing the employment rate with taking into account to reducing social tension and decreasing the flow of working age population as labour migrants abroad, stabilizing the national and local labour market. This article was elaborated within the framework the Scientific Project ―Migration, Demographic Changes and Policies of Stabilization the Situation‖, registeredin theStateRegisterofprojectsin the fieldofscienceand innovationofthe Republicof Moldovawith thecode 20.80009.0807.21 of the State Program (2020-2023).Item Analysis of correlation between employment and the income of the working age population in the Republic of Moldova(Performantica, 2020) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaThis article presents the results of an analysis of the influence of social factors on the employment level of working age population in the Republic of Moldova. Possible threats to the competitiveness of labour market depending on social factors are identified. One of the determining factors of a social nature is the cost of labour force (the price of labour force), which is expressed in the form of wages on labour market. At present, in the Republic of Moldova, wages have lost its economic, social, reproductive, stimulating and regulatory functions and, ultimately, do not reflect the real cost of labour force. The remuneration of labour of hiring workers in the budgetary and real sectors of economy is formed on the basis of two main legislative acts. In the budget sector, the value of minimum wage is the basis for the formation of wages established in the country and the increase in its amount is connected with additional financial resources in the budget, which is not always possible and practically the tariff scale remain unchanged on during of several years, that is, the budget sector is characterized by inertia and stability of the formation process of remuneration of labour. In the real sector of economy, the amount of wages are more mobile, revised annually depending on growth of prices and the productivity of public labour. As a consequence, the difference between the remuneration of labour of the real and budget sectors constitute over 11%. As wages are one of the main sources of income compared with other possibilities of receiving it by various categories of population, the evaluation of its receipt is performed depending on professional status, as well as the analysis of the standard of living based on a comparison of incomes with some existing social standards. As a result of research of the income level of various categories of population, it was concluded that wages do not stimulate employment, especially for young specialists, but, on the contrary, contribute to polarization, stratification of society, social inequality, and low level of wages are one of the most acute problems in the Republic of Moldova, which is in the top of the countries with the lowest remuneration of labour in the region. Low amount of wages are one of the factors of the lack of qualified personnel in labour market, especially in sphere of the provision of services, in the production sector and construction, which affects the quality of the work done and services which determines the decrease in demand and public opinion on them, as well as one of the reasons for the outflow of labour force outside the country in search of a work place (labour migration). As a result of the implementation of ineffective social policies, in particular in the field of remuneration of labour, the phenomenon of poverty takes place in the Republic of Moldova as the consequence of the inequality in the remuneration of labour of working age population in accordance with the real cost of labour force, part of the employed labour force is included in the category of social risks of being poor in labour market. The low level of remuneration of labour is also one of the motives for labour migration, the research of which was performed on the basis of the comparative analysis of statistical data on the number of the resident population and the population with usual residence, which made it possible to obtain a more real situation on labour market, taking into account the absence of more than a year of population. Summing up the research of labour market challenges to ongoing social policies, proposals to improve their effectiveness were elaborated, including in the field of improving forms and systems of remuneration of labour and further liberalization of labour relations, taking into account the experience of the EU countries, the necessity for a deeper research of the correlation between the two aspects of “employment - poverty”, including evaluation the impact and remove of factors that are determine in the existence of the phenomenon of “poverty” of the working age population and the justification of social policies to overcome given situation.Item Влияние конъюнктуры рынка труда на экономическую безопасность Республики Молдова(Foxtrot, 2021) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaPiața muncii este unul dintre principalii factori ai securitații economice. Scopul studiului consta in analiza particularitațile piețelor muncii regionale pe baza unei evaluari a schimbarilor conjuncturii, a impactului acestora asupra securitații economice și a echilibrului pieței naționale a muncii. Diagnosticul modificarilor in principalii indicatori statistici și a celor calculați (secundari) ai pieței muncii in dinamica s-a efectuat pe baza metodelor de analiza și sinteza, grafice, de calcule proprii de catre autorii unor indicatori specifici. Pe baza rezultatelor obținute s-au elaborat concluzii cu privire la dezvoltarea piețelor regionale de munca, prezența amenințarilor la adresa securitații economice, precum și masuri pentru imbunatațirea acestei situații in Republica Moldova.Item Оценка напряженности рынка труда в мун. Кишинэу(INCE, 2019) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaВ данной статье представлены результаты исследования уровня занятости населения трудоспособного возраста в муниципии Кишинэу. Оценивается возможная занятость в зависимости от наличия рабочих мест на разных этапах экономического развития (кризис, рецессия, восстановление экономики). Исследование основано на построении кривой Бевериджа и анализе вторичных показателей, рассчитанных авторами. В результате исследования выявляется ряд проблем в области использования труда и развития местного рынка труда. Сложная ситуация на рынке труда является следствием несоответствия трудовых отношений рыночному механизму–низкий уровень оплаты труда, высокая мобильность рабочей силы и несовершенства законодательной и нормативной базы. Однако количество безработных и коэффициент стресса на рынке труда в Кишиневе ниже средних значений по республике. Анализ безработицы на основе кривой Бевериджа выявил наличие структурных изменений. Это является следствием инерционной модели экономического развития страны, ориентированной на потребление. На основании полученных результатов разработаны предложения по улучшению ситуации на рынке труда. Подчеркивается необходимость проведения более глубоких исследований для создания и развития конкурентного внутреннего рынка труда.Item Regional aspect of labour market: the case of Moldova("Constantin Brancoveanu" University of Pitesti, 2019) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaThe problem of population economic activity in the Republic of Moldova is actual in the conditions of population decline, population ageing and labour migration processes. The economic activity rate of work age population decreased by 2.1 percentage points(p.p.), and the employment rate, respectively, by 2.0 p.p., while the number of employed population decreased by 43.5 thousand people. At the same time, it should be noted that the share of employed population in economically active has practically not changed and amountsto 96%, that is, the average unemployment rate for this period varied between 4-5%.However, if we analyze the involvement of work age population in the regional aspect, then there are differences in these indicators, which is associated with the possibility of being employed, the existing socio-economic infrastructure, age-sex structure of population and other factors. Therefore, the evaluation of demo-socio-economic processes impact on labour market formation has of scientific and practical importance for determining the main strategic directions of stable long-term development of the country, which determines the actuality of topic.The purpose of research is to analyze the regional characteristics of labour market in conditions of changes in age-sex structure of labour market, the motives for the presence of non-working population that is not involved in labour market for any reason, including the youth of NEET, employment in urban-rural aspect, including the tendencies in labour market changes mun. Chisinau in regional aspect (mun. Chisinau, Center, South, North).Such methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, grouping, and a systematic approach will be used in the process of research. As a result of research, recommendations have been made to improve the efficiency of employment policies of work age population, which can be used by public officials, as well as students, doctoral students, and scientific researchers.Item Влияние демографического старения на рынок труда Молдовы(INCE, 2016) Savelieva, Galina; Zaharov, SvetlanaActualitatea cercetării problemelor privind impactul îmbătrânirii populației asupra pieţei muncii este condiţionată de schimbările structurale ce au loc pe piața forței de muncă și, ca urmare, căutarea de soluții posibile, legate de funcționarea unei piețe naționale a muncii competitive. Scopul: necesitatea unei mai bune înţelegeri a impactului îmbătrânirii demografice a populaţiei asupra pieţei muncii din Republica Moldova. Metode: în procesul de cercetare au fost utilizate abordarea sistemică, metodele comparativă, logică, grafică. Rezultatele: concluziile, obţinute în urma studiului cu privire la schimbările structurii de vârstă a forței de muncă, a nivelului educațional, şi altele pot fi folosite pentru a reduce efectele negative ale îmbătrânirii demografice a populaţiei pe piața forței de muncă la elaborarea politicilor socioeconomice de către autoritățile publice, precum și pentru monitorizarea evaluării nivelului de ocupare în Republica Moldova.