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    Infrastructura sociala, factor de dezvoltare durabilă și de creștere incluzivă în Republica Moldova
    (2023) Balan, Aliona
    Education plays a fundamental role in the development and progress of a nation. The quality of education largely depends on the presence of a developed educational infrastructure. A developed educational infrastructure not only equips individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge, but also stimulates economic growth and social cohesion. Assessment of educational infrastructure is essential to identify strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. In this article, we aim to carry out an assessment of the educational infrastructure in the Republic of Moldova, focusing on key aspects, achievements and current issues.
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    Funcția fiscală a taxei vamale
    (IMI-NOVA, 2020) Balan, Aliona
    The functions of the customs duty are analyzed at the contemporary stage of development of the economy. Currently import duties do not effectively perform the function of protecting the internal market, a function that could be largely taken over by foreign exchange regulation. Statistical data are presented that reflect the role of customs duties in the formation of revenues of the state budget of the Republic of Moldova. Customs duties have a lower influence compared to other import duties, such as VAT and excise duties on the state budget of the Republic of Moldova, thus bringing added value to public revenues.
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    Politica fiscală și impactul acesteia asupra dezvoltării economice și sociale a țării
    (IMI-NOVA, 2019) Balan, Aliona
    Taxes are the main fiscal instrument of state regulation and stimulation of economic processes. Taxes and the tax mechanism are an integral part of the state tax policy and a means of indirect influence on the economy.In most of the countries, the fiscal policy is implemented in two basic ways by search for the best means of mobilization of the funds into the budget system, and by realization of possibilities of the taxation as a means of indirect influence on the economic, social and political circumstances with a purpose of developing of the society and its quality at the current stage and for long-run prospects.
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    Valoarea în vamă – factor de influență a competitivității mărfurilor autohtone
    (IMI-NOVA, 2021) Balan, Aliona
    One of the most common schemes for evading customs payments is the understatement of the customs value of goods. Today in Moldova the problem of understating the customs value of goods poses a serious threat to the economic interests of the state. Since the customs value serves as the basis for calculating customs payments, it becomes an object for manipulation by many unscrupulous participants in foreign economic activity who want to reduce the legal tax burden.
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    Analiza inegalității în distribuirea veniturilor și cheltuielilor de consum a populației în Republica Moldova
    (Artifex, 2022) Balan, Aliona
    The topicality of the research topic is due to the increase in income inequality worldwide in the last three decades, a phenomenon that could have a profoundly negative impact on social and labor relations, the labor market and employment and cause social tensions in society. Although the dynamics of official indicators of income differentiation in the Republic of Moldova in the last decade show a general downward trend, the level of inequality remains a major challenge in the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of this article is to assess the inequality of distribution of disposable income and consumption expenditures of the population in the Republic of Moldova in the period 2010-2020 and to formulate ways to reduce this phenomenon.
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    Rolul și funcţiile infrastructurii pieţei valorilor mobiliare de stat: cazul Republicii Moldova
    (CEP USM, 2022) Speian, Olesea
    The financial market infrastructure plays a key role in the functionality of the economy, maintaining financial stability and improving the monetary transmission mechanism, contributing to the promotion of economic growth. The infrastructure takes over some of the risks of market participants, whence it results in the need for its proper functioning. In this context, there is a lot of controversy about the optimal infrastructure of the securities market. This paper aims to review the most efficient financial market infrastructure. Market participants are aware that the way that the market works influences their expectations and safety. Also, there is growing anxiety about the presence of conflicts of interest in the market infra- structure, where the government must implement mechanisms to minimize such conflicts. That is why, globally, several models of the infrastructure of the securities market are implemented, which are meant to control the market activity. The same is highlights the new infrastructure that has appeared as a consequence of the development of financial technologies. The article emphasizes the role of each player in the financial infrastructure. Changes in financial infrastructure and regulation are necessary to support welfare-improving financial innovation and government policies have to ensure proper operation of the market infrastructure.
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    Industrial developed countries experience in the risks identification and management in agro industrial sphere
    (INCE, 2021) Timus, Andrei
    Risk management in the agro-industrial and food sector is increasingly approached multilaterally, both at the level of governments to make long-term decisions to ensure food security and at the formal level based on the scientific treatment of food safety issues. Producers and other operators involved in the food chain in developed countries are aware of the importance of these issues. Stakeholders should also manage food risks, for example at the production or consumer level. Risk management in the agro-industrial and food sectors must be based on a robust methodology and comprehensive food safety regulations. Developed countries have achieved specific results in this area that can be applied by stakeholders, including authorities and producers. The paper includes the process stages and components of risk management in the agro-industrial and food field.
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    Female fertility by ethnicity in Republic of Moldova
    (INCE, 2021) Grigoras, Ecaterina
    The article presents the differences of female fertility in the main ethnic groups that declared their ethnicity in the Census of Population and Housing, performed in 2014: Moldovans/Romanians, Ukrainians, Russians, Gagauz and Bulgarians. For the Republic of Moldova, a pronounced ethnic differentiation of fertility is characteristic. The distribution of women by the number of live-births according to the ethnicity declared in the census (for the ethnic groups with the highest share in the general population) shows that the highest number of live-births aged between 15 and 69 years, belong to Gagauz women - 1.82 children per woman, and the lowest number is Russian women - 1.29 children per woman. Moldovan/Romanian women have 1.73 children per woman, having a second rank by the number of children born. Bulgarian and Ukrainian women have an average of 1.60 and 1.49 live births, respectively.
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    A methodological analysis of child vulnerability assessment tools
    (Complexul Editorial, INCE, 2021) Ciobanu, Mihail
    An adequate assessment of children's vulnerabilities would allow a more accurate matching of support measures targeted at vulnerable children. In practice, there is a wide variety of tools for assessing children's vulnerabilities. In this article the concept of vulnerability is analyzed and, in particular, the child vulnerability, the main approaches to vulnerability and their basic principles are identified, an universal scheme of relationships between the types of principles is proposed, a methodological analysis of such tools is performed, a classification of assessment tools is suggested and the advantages and disadvantages of their use are identified.
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    Digitalization in customs services: international experience
    (INCE, 2021) Gutium, Mircea
    In the age of digitalization, the way of launching and conducting business is changing. Digital technologies have a direct impact on the activity of taxpayers and the process of collecting direct and indirect taxes (VAT, customs duty, excise duties, etc.). The degree of digitization is increasing year by year, and digital technologies are being implemented in various economic fields, including customs. This study analyzes the organization of cross-border e-commerce, identifies the problems that arise in the provision of customs services. The object of research is the international experience of solving pressing customs problems by implementing digital technologies. Based on the results obtained, the main directions of digitization of customs processes in the context of improving the customs system were identified.