Cercetări demografice

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Browsing Cercetări demografice by Author "Avram, Cristina"

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    Demographic transition at the regional level in Czech lands
    (INCE, 2020) Avram, Cristina
    This study presents the results of the development of demographic transition at the regional level in the Czech Lands. The analysis uses data from censuses and vital statistics. The period for analysis is 1869-1935, and the data was recalculated for the 2011 administrative division. In the study, we used the classical approach of analysis of the demographic processes. This article aims, first, to show the evolution of mortality and fertility levels at the regional level during the demographic transition, and second, to show that the demographic transition in the Czech lands follows the patterns of other European countries, but with some particularities at the regional level.
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    Life expectancy dynamics in post-soviet countries from european region: convergences and divergences
    (Complexul Editorial, INCE, 2017) Pahomii, Irina; Gagauz, Olga; Avram, Cristina
    This article presents the results of the comparative study on the mortality and life expectancy at birth dynamics in Moldova and six other post-Soviet countries in the European region – Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. The aim of the research is to highlight the convergences and divergences, as well as the causes which lead Moldova to lag behind in this field. The study is based on Human Mortality Database (HMD) and Human Causes-of-Death Database (HCD) data. For Moldova, mortality tables for the resident population were used (with the exclusion of migrants who have been absent from the country for more than 12 months). Despite the similar trends in the dynamics of life expectancy at birth in the selected countries since the mid-1990s, there is an increasing divergence in this respect. The Baltic countries, especially Estonia, have succeeded in achieving significant progress in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy at birth, while Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova remain outliers. Decomposition of mortality by causes of death demonstrates that the reduction in mortality by cardiovascular diseases has had a major impact on the development of the gap in life expectancy at birth observed between Estonia and Moldova.
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    Measuring population health in Moldova: health expectancies
    (Karolinum Press, 2018) Avram, Cristina; Gagauz, Olga
    Health measures are decisive for the development and implementation of population health policies. Monitoring health indicators can lead to improvements in health and decrease in the inequalities among subpopulations. The life expectancy at birth for the Moldovan population did not increase considerably during the last decades, due to the social and economic crisis which led to high mortality and poor health. In Moldova, no aggregated health indicators are utilized for health monitoring. Therefore, the authors calculated health indicators to assess the population health and argue their importance. Mortality and subjective data on self-perceived health and self-rated morbidity from the Household Budget Survey was used for constructing period morbidity-mortality tables. Thus, the authors applied Sullivan’s method to calculate the life expectancy in very good/good/fair health and the life expectancy without chronic morbidity for the period 2006–2015. The life expectancies in very good/good/fair health showed a compression of morbidity in the older ages for both sexes, and for rural and urban types of residence. The life expectancies without chronic morbidity for males and for urban dwellers demonstrated an expansion of morbidity. Although the life expectancy is slowly increasing, the trends in population health are contradictory, depending on the applied measures. The health expectancy indicators, based on self-perceived health, depict the actual situation in the population health. These indicators are becoming more essential with the ageing process and can be used for the tailoring of social and health policies and services to the real needs of the population.
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    Self-perceived health of the elderly: economic and sociodemographic inequalities
    (INCE, 2017) Gagauz, Olga; Avram, Cristina; Pahomii, Irina
    Given the rapid increase in the number and share of the elderly in the total population, good health and healthy ageing are an important factor in the socio-economic development of ageing societies. Selfperceived health is one of the most important health and well-being indicators. The article presents the results of research on self-perceived elderly health based on data from "Household Budget Survey" for 2006-2015 (NBS). The study reveals a slow increase in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, as well as time spent in good health. The life expectancy without chronic illness is lower than healthy life expectancy. There is a positive rise in the self-assessment of the elderly for both sexes and at different ages after 60 years. The regression analysis of factors influencing self-perceived health (age, sex, education level, welfare level, degree of disability and civil status), demonstrates that among the most important factors with which self-responding health is associated, as bad and very bad were highlighted the low level of education and material welfare, as well as the presence of behavioural vices (smoking).
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    Speranţa de viaţă sănătoasă a populaţiei din Republica Moldova
    (INCE, 2015) Gagauz, Olga; Avram, Cristina
    În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetării cu privire la speranța de viaţă sănătoasă a populaţiei din Republica Moldova. Calculele s-au efectuat după metoda lui Sullivan D. în baza datelor Cercetării Bugetelor Gospodăriilor Casnice (BNS), perioada 2006-2013. Speranţa de viață şi speranţa de viaţă sănătoasă sunt într-o creştere constantă, dar lentă, pentru ambele sexe şi toate grupele de vârstă. Proporția timpului petrecut în stare de sănătate foarte bună/bună şi satisfăcătoare, de asemenea, este în creştere, inclusiv sănătatea vârstnicilor atestă o ameliorare. Totuşi diferenţele dintre sexe persistă, astfel, femeile trăiesc mai mult comparativ cu bărbaţii, dar într-o stare de sănătate mai rea.
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    Speranţa de viaţă sănătoasă – indicatorul integral de evaluare a sănătăţii populaţiei = Healthy life expectancy as an integrated indicator of population health assessment
    (Institutul de Cercetări Juridice şi Politice al Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2015) Gagauz, Olga; Avram, Cristina
    Earlier studies on long-term mortality trends by cause in Moldova showed the stagnati- on in life expectancy at birth over the last half century at the expense of a considerable decline in infant and child mortality on the one hand and a continuing mortality crisis among the adult population on the other. However, the health status of the population and number of years lived in good health, which represent an important decisive factor for policy makers, have not yet been studied for this country. In this article, the healthy life expectancy in terms of either good or poor health was estimated based on the Household Budget Survey data about the self-perceived health for 2013 and the abridged life tables, by applying the Sullivan method. Some results of the study show that at age 65-69 years, Moldovan males are expected to live on average 12 years, while only 8 years will be spent in „very good and good” and “fair” health status. Moldovan females of the same age group have an average life expectancy of 16 years, of which 9 years will be spent in “very good and good” and “fair” health status. The healthy life expectancy is higher for women than men, for the population from urban area than rural area, and the poor health state increases with age.