Browsing by Author "Cojocaru, Olesea"

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    Agricultura No-till - realizare remarcabilă în nordul Republicii Moldova
    (INCE, 2022) Cojocaru, Olesea; Panfil, Gheorghe; Panfil, Petru
    La nivel mondial, sistemul conservativ a fost introdus acum șase decenii. Aceasta ar însemna că noi am rămas în urmă cu 60 de ani de restul lumii [8]. Agricultura Republicii Moldova se află pe calea unei modernizări tehnologice revoluționare dictată de scumpirea resurselor energetice neregenerabile și a derivatelor acestora (îngrășăminte minerale, inclusiv de azot, carburanți, pesticide, tehnică agricolă) în condițiile impactului negativ considerabil al tehnologiilor bazate pe lucrarea excesivă a solului asupra mediului ambiant, pe fundalul sporirii frecvenței secetelor din ultimii ani. Agricultura Conservativă este o măsură de sporire a competitivității prin reducerea cheltuielilor de producere și de adaptare la schimbările climatice. Considerată un sistem durabil de agricultură, prin a cărui implementare se restabilește fertilitatea solului [1]. În acest context un exemplu actual al cercetărilor expuse de autori, evocă scopul acestei lucrări, ce constă în evaluarea utilizării agriculturii conservative de către întreprinderea „Agro-Panfil” din satul Plop, raionul Donduşeni, fiind una dintre cele mai performante la capitolul tehnologii și utilaje agricole din Nordul țării. Gospodăria Țărănească ”Agro-Panfil cultivă cereale și culturi industriale peste 1.000 de hectare de câmpuri anual. Monitorizarea agroecosistemelor s-a realizat practic de la semănat până la recoltare și post recoltare pe întreaga perioadă a anului agricol prin intermediul Stației ”HOBO – 01102025”. Studiul științific pe poligonul-cheie, privind implementarea agriculturii No-till își are activitatea de 15 ani, iar tehnologia Mini-till se desfășoară de 20 de ani. Investigarea productivității agroecosistemelor culturilor de câmp pe agrocenoze și supravegherea schimbărilor condițiilor climaterice, s-a efectuat în dependență de sistemul de lucrare aplicat (Mini-till și No-till) anilor 2018 – 2021. Competitivitatea acestei gospodării țărănești este un exemplu notoriu - clasic de afacere a unei familii de succes din Nordul Republicii Moldova. В глобальном масштабе консервативная система была введена шесть десятилетий назад. Это означало бы, что мы на 60 лет отстаем от остального мира [8]. Сельское хозяйство Молдовы находится на пути революционной технологической модернизации, продиктованной удорожанием не возобновляемых энергоресурсов и их производных (минеральные удобрения, включая азот, топливо, пестициды, сельскохозяйственная техника) в условиях значительного негативного воздействия технологий из-за чрезмерной обработки почвы на фоне учащающихся засух в последние годы. Консервативное сельское хозяйство — это мера повышения конкурентоспособности за счет снижения производственных затрат и адаптации к изменению климата. Считается устойчивой системой сельского хозяйства, за счет реализации которой восстанавливается плодородие почвы [1]. В этом контексте текущий пример исследования, представленный авторами, напоминает о цели данной статьи, заключающейся в оценке использования консервативного сельского хозяйства компанией «АгроПанфил» в селе Плоп Дондюшанского района, являющейся одним из лучших с точки зрения техники и оборудования фермеров Севера страны. В хозяйстве «Агро-Панфил» ежегодно выращивают зерновые и технические культуры на площади более 1000 га. Мониторинг агроэкосистем осуществлялся практически от посева до уборки урожая и послеуборочной за весь период сельскохозяйственного года через Станцию «HOBO - 01102025». Научное исследование ключевого полигона, касающееся внедрения технологии No-till, ведется уже 15 лет, а технология Mini-till работает уже 20 лет. Исследование продуктивности агроэкосистем полевых культур на агроценозах и наблюдение за климатическими условиями проводилось в зависимости от применяемой системы работы (Mini-till и No-till) на 2018-2021 годы. Конкурентоспособность этого крестьянского хозяйства - замечательный классический пример бизнеса успешной семьи с севера Республики Молдова. Globally, the conservative system was introduced six decades ago. This would mean that we are 60 years behind the rest of the world [8]. Moldova's agriculture is on the path of a revolutionary technological modernization dictated by the increase in the price of non-renewable energy resources and their derivatives (mineral fertilizers, including nitrogen, fuels, pesticides, agricultural machinery) in the conditions of considerable negative impact of technologies based on excessive tillage environment, against the background of the increasing frequency of droughts in recent years. Conservative agriculture is a measure to increase competitiveness by reducing production costs and adapting to climate change. Considered a sustainable system of agriculture, through the implementation of which soil fertility is restored [1]. In this context, a current example of research presented by the authors, evokes the purpose of this paper, which is to evaluate the use of conservative agriculture by the company "Agro-Panfil" in Plop village, Donduseni district, being one of the best in terms of technology and equipment farmers in the North of the country. The “Agro-Panfil” Peasant Household cultivates cereals and industrial crops over 1,000 hectares of fields annually. The monitoring of agroecosystems was carried out practically from sowing to harvesting and post-harvesting for the entire period of the agricultural year through the “HOBO - 01102025” Station. The scientific study on the key polygon, regarding the implementation of No-till agriculture has been active for 15 years, and the Mini-till technology has been running for 20 years. The investigation of the productivity of agroecosystems of field crops on agrocenoses and the monitoring of climatic conditions, was carried out depending on the applied work system (Mini-till and No-till) for the years 2018 - 2021. The competitiveness of this peasant household is a notorious example - classic business a successful family from the North of the Republic of Moldova.
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    Investigarea însușirilor fizico-chimice și agrochimice ale solului din zona rurală – Nihoreni
    (INCE, 2022) Cojocaru, Olesea; Covali, Iurie; Cojocaru, Nicolae
    The study of ecological functions of soils is a fundamental problem of soil science, although it is essentially interdisciplinary. The ecological functions of soils are usually divided into two large groups: ecosystem (biogeocenotic) and global (biosphere). To determine the agroecological quality of arable land, it is necessary to analyze a whole set of agroecological functions, and this set will be different for the conditions of each region, field and even a small plot. For this, an analysis of the diagnostic indicators of these agroecological functions is carried out, including the integral and partial indicators of the biotic, chemical or physical parameters of the studied lands: humus content, biogenic elements, soil composition and their structural condition in general, the condition phytosanitary of crops etc.. The relevance of the research provides for the approach and evaluation of the land fund, regarding the condition of the lands in the village of Nihoreni, which implies a sustainable development of all objects of the natural environment. The optimization of the natural environment boils down to finding a balanced relationship between the exploitation of ecosystems (rational use of natural resources), their protection and improvement. Since the human agricultural activity in the locality is carried out within the limits of the natural formations – landscape, transformed in the process of use as an agricultural landscape, the latter become an object of protection. The purpose of the study consists in the agroecological substantiation of a set of measures for the protection of agricultural lands in the village of Nihoreni. For the development and adaptation of agricultural systems of an adaptive landscape, an adequate system of agroecological land evaluation is necessary. It differs significantly from the traditional land evaluation system practiced in land management. The productivity of agricultural crops is determined by the degree to which the climatic conditions correspond to the biological characteristics of the crops and the agrotechnics of their cultivation. The highest yield is obtained with the maximum use of climatic resources by the plant. The agroecological assessment of crop yield conditions remain an important challenge facing agriculture.
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    The multifunctional role of protective forest strips around and inside agricultural fields
    (INCE, 2023) Cojocaru, Olesea; Bostan, Rodica
    The experience of international research demonstrates the high efficiency of protective forest strips around arable land (Current et al., 1995; Hillbrand et al., 2017). However, in our country, the problem of the economic substantiation of the effectiveness of these measures prevents their development and the reason is the low attractiveness for the owners of the agricultural lands that are prone to the erosion process, despite their major importance. To save such an agroecosystem, provision should be made for the establishment of protective forest strips on arable land. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of protective forest strips in the rehabilitation of arable land, as an effective stimulus in sustainable development, environmental security in the agricultural sector and the reduction of agricultural land degradation. For sloping arable land, the study shows that the parameters of the properties of the agroecosystems protected by the forest strips, regulate the dynamic values of soil water reserves and maintain its quality. The action of main indicators of the effectiveness of anti-erosion measures depend on the area, the slope of the arable land, the danger of erosion, and the characteristics of the investigated soil.