Browsing by Author "Udova, Lyudmila"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Development of bioenergy in the conditions of climate changе in Ukraine
    (INCE, 2023) Udova, Lyudmila
    Bioenergy is a branch of the energy sector that involves the use of biomass as a fuel. Today, bioenergy confidently takes the place of the leader of the world's renewable energy, playing a significant role in replacing fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is especially relevant in the context of global warming and climate change. The purpose of the study is to characterize the peculiarities of the development of bioenergy in the conditions of climate change in Ukraine. Research methods are monographic, statistical, graphical and tabular, methods of comparative analysis. The development of bioenergy does not involve deforestation, environmental degradation or loss of biodiversity. Among the most promising types of biomass in Ukraine, agricultural residues (straw of grain crops and rapeseed, by-products of corn production, sunflower) and energy plants (willow, poplar, miscanthus), which constitute agrobiomass, are distinguished. Agrobiomass is a large underutilized resource that can help achieve European energy and climate goals, while also contributing to the development of rural areas. Ukraine has a significant potential for agricultural residues and energy plants, the implementation of which can significantly reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and increase the country's energy security. Although the share of agro biomass in the total energy potential of Ukraine's biomass is 75-80%, its practical use (except for sunflower husks) remains insufficient. At the same time, the rather limited energy potential of wood biomass is realized almost completely. It is necessary to change the structure of the use of biomass potential in Ukraine, giving preference to agricultural residues and energy plants, which corresponds to the trends laid down in the European Green Course. Therefore, bioenergy is one of the strategic directions of development of the sector of renewable energy sources in Ukraine as well.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Prospects for cultivating niche energy crops by small farms
    (INCE, 2022) Udova, Lyudmila
    Cultivating niche crops is an attractive area for diversification of household production. Such crops usually do not require significant investment in the organization of production but provide a high level of profitability. In recent years, climatic conditions in Ukraine are changing and small producers are selecting alternative crops for cultivation, adapting to these changes. The purpose of the study is to characterize the prospects of cultivating niche energy crops by households. Research methods are monographic, statistical, graphical and tabular, method of comparative analysis. In rural areas, energy crops is one of the renewable energy sources, these are fast-growing perennial shrubs and special one-year plants with a high dry matter content which could be used as fuel. Today there are about 20 species of fast-growing plants that can be grown for plant biomass - eucalyptus, poplar, willow, switchgrass, miscanthus and others. The collected biomass is used for the production of heat and electricity, it can be a raw material for the production of solid biofuels, such as fuel pellets and briquettes. Its main competitive advantage over traditional crops is that it is not necessary to use agricultural land to cultivate it. Advantages of using energy crops are the following: it is possible to use low-yielding and unproductive land for cultivating bioenergy crops; it can replace gas and coal; during the combustion of biofuels based on plant biomass, less carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere than is absorbed by plants in the process of photosynthesis, 20-30 times less sulfur oxide and 3-4 times less ash is formed compared to coal; a by-product of the combustion of solid biofuels is an organic substance that can be used as a fertilizer; the cultivation of bioenergy crops, the production and use of biofuels create additional employment for the rural population and are a source of income, particularly in rural areas. Cultivating niche energy crops can be a viable alternative for small farms.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Small agribusiness in Ukraine
    (INCE, 2022) Udova, Lyudmila
    Today, small farmers perform the most important functions to support the economy of the country – such as providing food and accommodation to people, especially for internally displaced people, who have suffered from the invasion. Farmers continue working despite the insane risks to their own lives. It is the households that do not allow the Ukraine's food system to collapse. The purpose of the study is to characterize the features of the small business functioning in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy. Research methods are monographic, statistical, graphical and tabular, method of comparative analysis. In the production of agricultural products, households rely mainly on their own resources, and their products are mainly aimed to self-sufficiency and partial sale in local markets. Before the full-scale war, small producers produced about 40% of the total volume of Ukrainian agricultural products, not participating in state support programs. There are many obstacles in Ukrainian law for small farmers to receive the financial support they need. In fact, farms that have up to 50 hectares of agricultural land remain outside the state support system. In the near future, it is necessary to include small farmers in state support programs, as has long been introduced in EU member states, where small farms are the leading organizational and legal form of the agricultural sector. In 2022, the decline in production of small producers in rural areas, from which the population was not completely displaced as a result of military activities, will be insignificant. This partially compensates for the loss of production by large agricultural enterprises. Household activities are tied to a specific rural area, and field or farm work cannot be postponed. However, production volumes will decrease in some regions due to internal and external displacement of rural residents from areas that are under full or partial control of the occupiers.